Effector Translocation and Delivery by the Rice Blast Fungus<i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>

Mentlak, Thomas A.; Talbot, Nicholas J.; Kroj, Thomas

doi:10.1002/9781119949138.ch9

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Genetic studies have shown that LHS1 and MgAPT2 may be involved in effector folding or secretion because their mutants failed to elicit HR response on resistant cultivars [44]. Lhs1, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumenal protein required for penetration and biotrophic growth may be important for ER secretion and protein translocation.…”

Section: Effector Delivery Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic control of infection-related development in Magnaporthe oryzae

Zhou

2012

Current Opinion in Microbiology

170

195

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Section: Effector Delivery Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lhs1, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumenal protein required for penetration and biotrophic growth may be important for ER secretion and protein translocation. The MgApt2 P-type ATPase is important for Golgi apparatus development and secretion of extracellular enzymes via exocytosis [44].…”

Section: Effector Delivery Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic control of infection-related development in Magnaporthe oryzae

Zhou

2012

Current Opinion in Microbiology

170

195

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“…Many genes involved in the ER to Golgi secretory pathway and post-translational modifications also are likely important for the secretion of apoplastic effectors in M. oryzae . For example, the LHS1 ER chaperone gene is required for the translocation and secretion of apoplastic effectors such as Slp1 [18] .…”

Section: Effector Secretion Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectors and Effector Delivery in Magnaporthe oryzae

Zhang

2014

PLoS Pathog

121

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“…Effectors and in particular cytoplasmic effectors are key elements in M . oryzae virulence and particularly important during the biotrophic phase of infection [ 6 , 19 , 20 ]. However, the function of individual effectors in the infection process has only been established for the LysM effector SLP1 that sequesters chitin fragments and thereby interferes with their recognition by the rice chitin receptor CEBiP, and AvrPiz-t that interferes with host immunity by inhibiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase APIP6 [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure Analysis Uncovers a Highly Diverse but Structurally Conserved Effector Family in Phytopathogenic Fungi

et al. 2015

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Phytopathogenic ascomycete fungi possess huge effector repertoires that are dominated by hundreds of sequence-unrelated small secreted proteins. The molecular function of these effectors and the evolutionary mechanisms that generate this tremendous number of singleton genes are largely unknown. To get a deeper understanding of fungal effectors, we determined by NMR spectroscopy the 3-dimensional structures of the Magnaporthe oryzae effectors AVR1-CO39 and AVR-Pia. Despite a lack of sequence similarity, both proteins have very similar 6 β-sandwich structures that are stabilized in both cases by a disulfide bridge between 2 conserved cysteins located in similar positions of the proteins. Structural similarity searches revealed that AvrPiz-t, another effector from M. oryzae, and ToxB, an effector of the wheat tan spot pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis have the same structures suggesting the existence of a family of sequence-unrelated but structurally conserved fungal effectors that we named MAX-effectors (M agnaporthe Avrs and ToxB like). Structure-informed pattern searches strengthened this hypothesis by identifying MAX-effector candidates in a broad range of ascomycete phytopathogens. Strong expansion of the MAX-effector family was detected in M. oryzae and M. grisea where they seem to be particularly important since they account for 5–10% of the effector repertoire and 50% of the cloned avirulence effectors. Expression analysis indicated that the majority of M. oryzae MAX-effectors are expressed specifically during early infection suggesting important functions during biotrophic host colonization. We hypothesize that the scenario observed for MAX-effectors can serve as a paradigm for ascomycete effector diversity and that the enormous number of sequence-unrelated ascomycete effectors may in fact belong to a restricted set of structurally conserved effector families.

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Effector Translocation and Delivery by the Rice Blast FungusMagnaporthe oryzae

Cited by 7 publications

References 56 publications

Genetic control of infection-related development in Magnaporthe oryzae

Genetic control of infection-related development in Magnaporthe oryzae

Effectors and Effector Delivery in Magnaporthe oryzae

Structure Analysis Uncovers a Highly Diverse but Structurally Conserved Effector Family in Phytopathogenic Fungi

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