Effects chronic administration of corticosterone and estrogen on HPA axis activity and telomere length in brain areas of female rats

Maternal stress-induced changes in adolescent and adult offspring: Neurobehavioural improvement and telomere maintenance

“…Note to mention that telomeric DNA is highly susceptible to oxidative damage and maternal stress altered the telomere dynamic through oxidative stress [ 15 ]. In addition, earlier studies reported that stress shortens the telomere length [ 15 , 16 , 64 ]. Therefore, we examined the telomere length and the regulatory molecules that maintain the telomere length.…”

“…Telomere length and associated regulatory molecules have been recognized as biological markers for cellular aging and psychological stress. Earlier studies in the animal model and humans established that psychological stress shortens the telomere length [ [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] ]. Telomere length (TL) and its regulation are governed by three key components, telomerase enzyme, shelterin complex [a six-subunit protein complex, telomere repeat factor 1 & 2 (TRF1 & 2); interacting nuclear factor 2 (TIN 2); repressor/activator protein 1 (RAP 1); protection of telomeres (POT1) [ 19 ].…”

Druggable causal genes of bipolar disorder identified through Mendelian Randomization analysis offer a route to intervention in integrated stress response

“…However, the precise mechanism(s) underlying these vastly different activation modalities remain unknown. But it is well known that the HPA axis is closely related to stress and AgRP neurons(Cleber Gama de Barcellos Filho et al, 2021; Perry et al, 2015; Perry et al, 2019). A possible explanation for this might further support the idea of Yuan et al (2023): hypothalamic AgRP neurons are involved in the process of leucine deficiency improving depressive-like behavior induced by CRS, and the amino acid sensor general control non-derepressible 2 (GCN2) mediates this behavioral effect of AgRP neurons.…”