Effects of 12 Months Consumption of 100 g Dried Plum (Prunes) on Bone Biomarkers, Density, and Strength in Men

Hooshmand, Shirin; Gaffen, Danielle; Eisner, Ashley; Fajardo, Jonnatan; Payton, Mark E.; Kern, Mark

doi:10.1089/jmf.2021.0080

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Experimental research showed that dried fruit intake suppressed proinflammatory cytokines and promoted functions of the musculoskeletal system ( 32 – 34 ). In clinical studies, numerous authors found that daily intake of dried fruits had protective effects on musculoskeletal health in both men and women ( 35 – 37 ). The protective effect of dried fruit intake on low back pain might be related to the micronutrients and bioactive compounds dried fruits contain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dried fruit intake causally protects against low back pain: A Mendelian randomization study

Huang

Xie

2023

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundLow back pain is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dried fruit intake causally protects against low back pain using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsWe obtained summary-level data for dried fruit intake (N = 421,764) from the IEU Open GWAS Project. Forty-one independent genetic variants proxied dried fruit intake. The corresponding data for low back pain were derived from the FinnGen project (13,178 cases and 164,682 controls; discovery data) and the Neale lab (5,423 cases and 355,771 controls; replication data). We conducted univariable and multivariable MR analyses.ResultsIn the univariable MR analysis, the inverse variance weighted estimate showed that greater dried fruit intake was associated with decreased risk of low back pain [odds ratio (OR) = 0.435, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.287–0.659, P = 8.657 × 10−5]. Sensitivity analyses using the MR-Egger (OR = 0.078, 95% CI: 0.013–0.479, P = 0.009), maximum likelihood (OR = 0.433, 95% CI: 0.295–0.635, P = 1.801 × 10−5), weighted median (OR = 0.561, 95% CI: 0.325–0.967, P = 0.038) and Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) (OR = 0.454, 95% CI: 0.302–0.683, P = 4.535 × 10−4) methods showed consistent results. No evidence of directional pleiotropy was identified according to the Egger intercept (intercept P-value = 0.065) or applying the MR-PRESSO method (global test P-value = 0.164). The replication analysis yielded similar results. The multivariable MR revealed that the inverse association between dried fruit intake and low back pain was consistent after adjustment for fresh fruit intake, body mass index, current tobacco smoking, alcohol intake frequency, total body bone mineral density, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and vigorous physical activity.ConclusionThis MR study provides evidence to support that dried fruit intake causally protects against low back pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dried fruit intake causally protects against low back pain: A Mendelian randomization study

Huang

Xie

2023

Front. Nutr.

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“…Recently, two small studies examining the effect of prune intake on markers of bone metabolism in older men have been conducted [ 72 , 73 ]. In a 3-month randomized controlled trial of men 55–80 years with mild bone loss, 50 g/day and 100 g/day of prunes had limited and inconsistent effects on markers of bone turnover compared to the control group [ 72 ].…”

Section: Clinical Trial Evidence For Dried Fruits and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a 3-month randomized controlled trial of men 55–80 years with mild bone loss, 50 g/day and 100 g/day of prunes had limited and inconsistent effects on markers of bone turnover compared to the control group [ 72 ]. In a subsequent 12-month study by the same group, 100 g/day of prunes did not affect total body, spine (L1–L4), hip, and ulna BMD [ 73 ]. The findings of these studies should be cautiously interpreted given the small sample sizes examined limiting statistical power.…”

Section: Clinical Trial Evidence For Dried Fruits and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dried Fruits: Bioactives, Effects on Gut Microbiota, and Possible Health Benefits—An Update

et al. 2023

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Dried fruits contain many bioactive compounds broadly classified as phytochemicals including phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, proanthocyanidins, stilbenes, chalcones/dihydrochalcones, and phytoestrogens. These compounds have antioxidant effects that may benefit health. Dried fruits are also a diverse group of foods with varying fibre contents. The evaluation of the biological activity of these bioactive compounds, including their bioaccessibility and bioavailability, may contribute to the understanding of the health effects of dried fruits. Limited evidence suggests that dried fruits (raisins, cranberries, dates, and prunes) affect human gut microbiota composition in a potentially beneficial manner (in terms of effects on Bifidobacteria, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae, Klebsiella spp., and Prevotella spp.). There is little epidemiological evidence about the association of dried fruit consumption with cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality, as well as the risk of type 2 diabetes or obesity. Clinical trial evidence for the effects of dried fruit consumption on cardiovascular risk factors, including glycaemic control, is mixed. Clinical trial evidence suggests prunes might preserve bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Consumption of dried fruits is associated with higher-quality diets. Studies are needed to increase our understanding of the health effects of dried fruits and the underlying biological mechanisms.

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“…Clinical benefits of DP translate to humans as well. Postmenopausal women that ingested 50-100 g of prunes per day for 6-12 months showed attenuated bone loss (Arjmandi et al, 2002(Arjmandi et al, , 2017Hooshmand et al, 2011Hooshmand et al, , 2016, with more modest effects in men (Hooshmand et al, 2011(Hooshmand et al, , 2014(Hooshmand et al, , 2016(Hooshmand et al, , 2021Gaffen et al, 2019;Fajardo et al, 2020;Munoz et al, 2021). In addition, consumption of 50 g (~6 prunes) per day for 1 year not only prevented further reductions in total hip bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women but was also associated with significant changes in gut microbiota composition (De Souza et al, 2022;Simpson et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is prevented by dietary prune in female mice

Chargo,

Neugebauer,

Guzior

et al. 2024

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is a significant side effect of prolonged glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. Chronic GC treatment also leads to trabecular bone loss and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. The gut dysbiosis is mechanistically linked to GIO, which indicates that the microbiota can be targeted to prevent GIO. Prunes, a dried fruit and prebiotic, have emerged in the literature as an effective treatment for sex-steroid deficiency induced osteoporosis (primary osteoporosis). Prunes also significantly alter the composition of the gut microbiota in both rodent models and human studies. Therefore, we tested if dietary prune (DP) supplementation could prevent GC-induced bone loss and affect microbiota composition in an established model of GIO. Sixteen-week-old, skeletally mature, female C57BL/6J mice were treated with a subcutaneous 5 mg placebo or prednisolone pellet for 8 weeks and fed an AIN-93M control diet or a diet modified to include 5, 15, or 25% (w/w) dried California prune powder. As expected, GC treated mice developed significant trabecular bone loss in the distal femur. More importantly, as little as 5% DP supplementation effectively prevented trabecular bone loss. Further, dose dependent increases in trabecular bone volume fraction were observed in GC + 15% and GC + 25% DP mice. Amazingly, in the placebo (non-GC treated) groups, 25% DP supplementation caused a ∼3-fold increase in distal femur trabecular bone volume fraction; this sizable bone response has not been previously observed in healthy mice with gut targeted natural treatments. Along with the striking effect on bone health, GC treatment and 25% DP supplementation led to drastic shifts in gut microbiota composition and several specific changes are strongly associated with bone health. Taken together, these results are the first to demonstrate that DP supplementation effectively prevents the negative effects of prolonged GC therapy on trabecular bone health and strongly associates with shifts in the composition of the gut microbiota.

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Effects of 12 Months Consumption of 100 g Dried Plum (Prunes) on Bone Biomarkers, Density, and Strength in Men

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Dried fruit intake causally protects against low back pain: A Mendelian randomization study

Dried fruit intake causally protects against low back pain: A Mendelian randomization study

Dried Fruits: Bioactives, Effects on Gut Microbiota, and Possible Health Benefits—An Update

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is prevented by dietary prune in female mice

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