Effects of a cognitive behavioral self-help program and a computerized structured writing intervention on depressed mood for HIV-infected people: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Kraaij, Vivian; Emmerik, Arnold van; Garnefski, Nadia; Schroevers, Maya J.; Lo-Fo-Wong, Deborah N. N.; Empelen, Pepijn van; Dusseldorp, Elise; Witlox, Robert; Maes, Stan

doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.08.014

Cited by 53 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Of the 64 included studies, 9,51-58,66-119 59 9,51,[54][55][56][57][58][66][67][68][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86]88,89,91, were RCTs, and four 52,78,87,92 were non-randomised studies. The remaining study 53 was a matched case-control study.…”

Section: Systematic Review Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…reporting the mean with no measure of variability, such as the SD) or used different statistics [such as the median, together with confidence intervals (CIs) and/or ranges or the mean together with the SE] to report the results. All 64 studies 9,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] were considered for the quantitative analysis and 35 were finally included in the meta-analyses.…”

Section: Systematic Review Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were six studies 50,55,56,[71][72][73] evaluating unfacilitated EW in patients with HIV. A summary of main characteristics is presented in Table 8.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four studies were conducted in the USA, 50,[71][72][73] with Kraaij et al 55 and Petrie et al 56 conducted in the Netherlands and New Zealand, respectively. All studies 50,56,[71][72][73] except Kraaij et al 55 had two groups and evaluated one EW intervention compared with one control.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does therapeutic writing help people with long-term conditions? Systematic review, realist synthesis and economic considerations

Nyssen

Taylor

Wong

et al. 2016

Health Technol Assess

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BackgroundWriting therapy to improve physical or mental health can take many forms. The most researched model of therapeutic writing (TW) is unfacilitated, individual expressive writing (written emotional disclosure). Facilitated writing activities are less widely researched.Data sourcesDatabases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Linguistics and Language Behaviour Abstracts, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, were searched from inception to March 2013 (updated January 2015).Review methodsFour TW practitioners provided expert advice. Study procedures were conducted by one reviewer and checked by a second. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised comparative studies were included. Quality was appraised using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Unfacilitated and facilitated TW studies were analysed separately underInternational Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision chapter headings. Meta-analyses were performed where possible using RevMan version 5.2.6 (RevMan 2012, The Cochrane Collaboration, The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark). Costs were estimated from a UK NHS perspective and three cost–consequence case studies were prepared. Realist synthesis followed Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Synthesis: Evolving Standards guidelines.ObjectivesTo review the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of TW for people with long-term conditions (LTCs) compared with no writing, or other controls, reporting any relevant clinical outcomes. To conduct a realist synthesis to understand how TW might work, and for whom.ResultsFrom 14,658 unique citations, 284 full-text papers were reviewed and 64 studies (59 RCTs) were included in the final effectiveness reviews. Five studies examined facilitated TW; these were extremely heterogeneous with unclear or high risk of bias but suggested that facilitated TW interventions may be beneficial in individual LTCs. Unfacilitated expressive writing was examined in 59 studies of variable or unreported quality. Overall, there was very little or no evidence of any benefit reported in the following conditions (number of studies): human immunodeficiency virus (six); breast cancer (eight); gynaecological and genitourinary cancers (five); mental health (five); asthma (four); psoriasis (three); and chronic pain (four). In inflammatory arthropathies (six) there was a reduction in disease severity [n = 191, standardised mean difference (SMD) –0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.96 to –0.26] in the short term on meta-analysis of four studies. For all other LTCs there were either no data, or sparse data with no or inconsistent, evidence of benefit. Meta-analyses conducted acrossallof the LTCs provided no evidence that unfacilitated emotional writing had any effect on depression at short- (n = 1563, SMD –0.06, 95% CI –0.29 to 0.17, substantial heterogeneity) or long-term (n = 778, SMD –0.04 95% CI –0.18 to 0.10, little heterogeneity) follow-up, or on anxiety, physiological or biomarker-based outcomes. One study reported costs, no studies reported cost-effectiveness and 12 studies reported resource use; and meta-analysis suggested reduced medication use but no impact on health centre visits. Estimated costs of intervention were low, but there was insufficient evidence to judge cost-effectiveness. Realist synthesis findings suggested that facilitated TW is a complex intervention and group interaction contributes to the perception of benefit. It was unclear from the available data who might benefit most from facilitated TW.LimitationDifficulties with developing realist synthesis programme theory meant that mechanisms operating during TW remain obscure.ConclusionsOverall, there is little evidence to support the therapeutic effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of unfacilitated expressive writing interventions in people with LTCs. Further research focused on facilitated TW in people with LTCs could be informative.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42012003343.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.

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Section: Systematic Review Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Systematic Review Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were six studies 50,55,56,[71][72][73] evaluating unfacilitated EW in patients with HIV. A summary of main characteristics is presented in Table 8.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Does therapeutic writing help people with long-term conditions? Systematic review, realist synthesis and economic considerations

Nyssen

Taylor

Wong

et al. 2016

Health Technol Assess

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“…With the development of the Bio-Psycho-Social model of human behavior (13,14) and continuous revisions to relevant questionnaires, greater importance has been attached to factors that affect a patient's QoL. A study by Payne et al (3) indicated that the presence of a spinal deformity was a risk factor for psychological depression regardless of the treatment the patient received.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Factors Affecting Qol In Patients With Aismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of quality of life and risk factors affecting quality of life in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Yang

Yao

et al. 2015

IRDR

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Effect of a Cognitive Behavioral Self‐Help Intervention on Depression, Anxiety, and Coping Self‐Efficacy in People With Rheumatic Disease

Garnefski

Kraaij

Benoist

et al. 2013

Arthritis Care & Research

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Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a new cognitive-behavioral self-help program with minimal coaching could improve psychological well-being (depression, anxiety, and coping self-efficacy) in people with rheumatic disease and depressive symptoms. Methods. In total, 82 persons with a rheumatic disease enrolled in a randomized controlled trial were allocated to either a group receiving the self-help program or a waiting list control condition group. For both groups, measurements were done at baseline, posttest, and followup. The outcome measures were the depression and anxiety scales of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and an adaptation of the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. Repeated-measures analyses of covariance were performed to evaluate changes in outcome measures from pretest to posttest and from posttest to followup. Results. The results showed that the self-help program was effective in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety and in strengthening coping self-efficacy. The positive effects remained after a followup period of 2 months. Conclusion. This cost-effective program could very well be used as a first step in a stepped care approach or as one of the treatment possibilities in a matched care approach.

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Effects of a cognitive behavioral self-help program and a computerized structured writing intervention on depressed mood for HIV-infected people: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Cited by 53 publications

References 26 publications

Does therapeutic writing help people with long-term conditions? Systematic review, realist synthesis and economic considerations

Does therapeutic writing help people with long-term conditions? Systematic review, realist synthesis and economic considerations

Evaluation of quality of life and risk factors affecting quality of life in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Effect of a Cognitive Behavioral Self‐Help Intervention on Depression, Anxiety, and Coping Self‐Efficacy in People With Rheumatic Disease

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