Effects of a feed additive blend on broilers challenged with heat stress

Santos, Regiane R.; Awati, A.; Hil, P.J. Roubos-van den; Kempen, Theo A. T. G. van; Tersteeg-Zijderveld, Monique H.G.; Koolmees, Peter A.; Smits, C.H.M.; Fink‐Gremmels, Johanna

doi:10.1080/03079457.2019.1648750

Cited by 52 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We could hardly see an effect of any treatment on the expression of the two tight junction proteins CLDN1 and CDLN3, which are associated with gut barrier function. This is in accordance with Santos et al [ 52 ], reporting that one single day of heat stress was not enough to alter tight junction proteins, whereas after five days, this alteration occurred.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Among them, HSP70 and HSP90 play an essential role in the regulation of protein homeostasis during physiological as well as pathological conditions [ 50 , 51 ]. Heat stress is known to affect the expression of HSP70 [ 19 , 48 , 52 ]; therefore, it was not surprising that HSP70 was also upregulated with heat stress alone (up to 6.7 fold-increase). However, the potentiation of this effect when the birds received the oral LPS bolus in combination with heat stress was unexpected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Endotoxin Translocation and Gut Inflammation Are Increased in Broiler Chickens Receiving an Oral Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Bolus during Heat Stress

Reisinger¹,

Emsenhuber²,

Doupovec³

et al. 2020

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), also termed endotoxins, are the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. In general, endotoxins in the intestine are considered harmless in healthy animals. However, different stressors, such as heat stress, can lead to a compromised gut barrier, resulting in endotoxin translocation. Chickens are considered to be less sensitive to the effects of LPS compared with other species, for example, humans, pigs, or calves, probably because of the lack of the functional-specific TRAM-TRIF signalling pathway (MyD88-independent). Therefore, six LPS preparations (three different strains with two different preparation methods each) were compared in murine macrophages and characterized according to their MyD88-dependent pathway activation. All tested LPS preparations induced a strong inflammatory response after 4 and 24 h on a murine macrophage cell line. However, there was a similar strong response in the gene expression profile as well as production of nitrite oxide and TNF-alpha from LPS of different strains and preparation methods. On the basis of the results of the in vitro study, one LPS preparation was chosen for the subsequent in vivo study with broilers to assess the effect of an oral LPS bolus (E. coli O55:B5 phenol extracted; 2 mg/kg b.w.) during heat stress conditions (10 h, 36 °C). The most pronounced effects were seen in broilers receiving the oral LPS bolus during heat stress conditions. The endotoxin activity in the intestine as well as the serum concentration of the 3-OH C14 (part of LPS) were increased. In addition, an increased expression of genes related to inflammation and stress response (e.g., IL-6, IL-1beta, HSP70) was observed, whereas the expression of genes associated with gut health (e.g., MUC2, FABP2) was decreased. To conclude, an increase of intestinal LPS combined with heat stress can pose a risk to animal health.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endotoxin Translocation and Gut Inflammation Are Increased in Broiler Chickens Receiving an Oral Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Bolus during Heat Stress

Reisinger¹,

Emsenhuber²,

Doupovec³

et al. 2020

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is in agreement with the results of Al‐Fataftah and Abdelqader (2014), Abdelqader, Abuajamieh, Hammad, and Al‐Fataftah (2017) and Santos et al. (2019), who reported that chronic heat stress‐challenged chickens exhibited a significant decrease in crypt depth together with villus height. These variations and discrepancies suggest that more parameters other than intestinal histological changes should be taken into consideration when evaluating heat stress effects and nutritional strategies for improving the intestinal barrier function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Moreover, in contrast to the most reported findings of increased crypt depth in heat-stressed chicks, we found in the current experiment that crypt depth tended to be decreased in the jejunum of heat-stressed chickens at 28 days of age, and were significantly decreased in the duodenum at 42 days of age regardless of dietary probiotic inclusion under heat stress when compared with those under thermoneutal conditions. This is in agreement with the results of Al-Fataftah and Abdelqader (2014), Abdelqader, Abuajamieh, Hammad, and Al-Fataftah (2017) and Santos et al (2019), who reported that chronic heat stress-challenged chickens exhibited a significant decrease in crypt depth together with villus height. These variations and discrepancies suggest that more parameters other than intestinal histological changes should be taken into consideration when evaluating heat stress effects and nutritional strategies for improving the intestinal barrier function.…”

Section: Ta B L Esupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, barrier integrity, and inflammatory response in broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress

Wan

Peng

et al. 2020

Animal Science Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It plays a significant role in providing vitality to intestinal cells, fortifying cellular proliferation, protein expression localization (crypts and lower villi), and diminishing profusion toward the villus tip [22,23]. The jejunal expression of the EAAT3 gene was increased when chicks were exposed to 35-39°C for 1-5 days [24]. It has already been established that excitatory amino acids such as aspartate and glutamate act as the primary fuel for enterocytes [25].…”

Section: Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of gene expression in chickens by heat stress

Goel

Ncho

Choi

2021

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High ambient temperatures are a critical challenge in the poultry industry which is a key producer of the animal-based food. To evaluate heat stress levels, various parameters have been used, including growth rates, blood metabolites, and hormones. The most recent advances have explored expression profiling of genes that may play vital roles under stress. A high ambient temperature adversely affects nutrient uptake and is known to modulate the expression of genes encoding for sodium-dependent glucose transporters, glucose transporters, excitatory amino acid transporters, and fatty acid-binding proteins which are responsible for the absorption of macronutrients in the intestine. Various defensive activities are stimulated to protect the cell of different tissues from the heat-generated stress, including expression of early stress response genes coding for heat shock protein (HSP), c-FOS like protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS); antioxidant enzyme genes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX4); and immune-related genes such as cytokines and toll-like receptors (TLRs). The potential role of HSPs in protecting the cell from stress and their presence in several tissues make them suitable markers to be evaluated under heat stress. BDNF and c-FOS genes expressed in the hypothalamus help cells to adapt to an adverse environment. Heat causes damage to the cell by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). The NOX4 gene is the inducer of ROS under heat stress, which is in turns controlled by antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT. TLRs are responsible for protecting against pathogenic attacks arising from enhanced membrane permeability, and cytokines help in controlling the pathogen and maintaining homeostasis. Thus, the evaluation of nutrient transporters and defense mechanisms using the latest molecular biology tools has made it possible to shed light on the complex cellular mechanism of heat-stressed chickens. As the impacts of heat stress on the above-mentioned aspects are beyond the extent to which the reduced growth performance could be explained, heat stress has more specific effects on the regulation of these genes than previously thought. Graphical abstract Effect of heat exposure on the nutrient transporters, antioxidants, and immune inflammation in chickens. Most of the nutrient transporters were suppressed under heat stress. Increase in the production of reactive oxygen species resulted in enhanced production of antioxidant enzymes. Expression of various proinflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptors were enhanced due to heat stress in chicken.

show abstract

Effects of a feed additive blend on broilers challenged with heat stress

Cited by 52 publications

References 40 publications

Endotoxin Translocation and Gut Inflammation Are Increased in Broiler Chickens Receiving an Oral Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Bolus during Heat Stress

Endotoxin Translocation and Gut Inflammation Are Increased in Broiler Chickens Receiving an Oral Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Bolus during Heat Stress

Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, barrier integrity, and inflammatory response in broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress

Regulation of gene expression in chickens by heat stress

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About