Effects of a Mycoinsecticide on Feeding and Fecundity of the Brown Locust Locustana pardalina

Arthurs, Steve; Thomas, Matthew B.

doi:10.1080/09583150050044592

Cited by 56 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This could be due to sample heterogeneity, evidenced by the high coefficient of variation (CV= 77%) not being possible to detect statistical differences. The distribution of the number of eggs laid throughout the female life span does not change among treatments when exposed to M. anisopliae (Figure 2), which differs to other studies where insects exposed to entomopathogenic fungi have shown higher initial number of eggs than the control, however, without statistical differences (Arthurs and Thomas, 2000;Pires et al, 2008). The development of a disease produced by a pathogen could be affected by biotic factors on the host, such as reproductive properties characteristics of the insect, population characteristics (individual susceptibility), and insect habits, among others (Alves and Lecuona, 1998).…”

Section: Virulencecontrasting

confidence: 54%

Virulence and Pre-Lethal Reproductive Effects of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae on Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Pereira¹,

Casals²,

Salazar

et al. 2011

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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Obscure mealybug, Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret), is a cosmopolitan pest that causes damage by suction of vascular juices and the production of honeydew, as well as for being a quarantine insect. Within control options, entomopathogenic fungi are a good alternative, nevertheless, more research is needed. In this research, the Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae (Metschnikoff) isolate Qu-M984 was evaluated on P. viburni under laboratory conditions. Virulence was evaluated by lethal dose 50 (LD 50 ) and lethal time 50 (LT 50 ), for each of the four life stages of the female. The doses tested were 10 5 , 10 6 , 10 7 and 10 8 conidia mL -1 . Also fecundity, egg size, fertility, and longevity of adult females were evaluated at doses of 10 5 and 10 6 conidia mL -1 , the evaluations were made every 2 d throughout the insect life time. The LD 50 and LT 50 obtained were variable for each life stage, although without statistical differences among life stages (P > 0.05), ranging from LD 50 = 7.3 × 10 5 to 4.9 × 10 9 conidia mL -1 and LT 50 = 7.74 to 9.97 d at 10 8 conidia mL -1 . Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed on longevity at 10 6 conidia mL -1 . Longevity was 29% less compared to the control. This result on longevity at relatively low dose is relevant due to the fact that decrease possibilities to find live quarantine insects at the moment of harvest. Fertility, fecundity and egg size showed no differences (P > 0.05).

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Section: Virulencecontrasting

confidence: 54%

Virulence and Pre-Lethal Reproductive Effects of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae on Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Pereira¹,

Casals²,

Salazar

et al. 2011

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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“…In contrast, lack of appetite and reduced feeding rate are characteristic of several fungal infections and usually result in lower growth rate (Johnson and Pavlikova 1986;Hajek and StLeger 1994). Prior to death, diseased grasshoppers and locusts exhibited a reduction in feeding following exposure to M. anisopliae (Moore et al 1992;Seyoum et al 1994;Thomas et al 1997;Arthurs and Thomas 2000). Besides pathological effects, the need to regulate body temperature may reduce feeding opportunities of infected hosts (Lactin and Johnson 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Thermoregulation and, to a larger extent, behavioral fever usually results in a partial or complete reduction of the infectious process in grasshoppers (Boorstein and Ewald 1987;Carruthers et al 1992;Inglis et al 1996), locusts (Arthurs and Thomas 2000;Blanford and Thomas 2001;Ellliot et al 2002;Ouedraogo et al 2003), and crickets (Louis et al 1986;Adamo 1998). Blanford et al (1998), who studied the interaction between the fungal entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae var.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral thermoregulation in the migratory locust: a therapy to overcome fungal infection

2004

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We examined under laboratory conditions the thermopreference of the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides, following infection by the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum and its influence on mycosis. Infected locusts raised their body temperature more frequently than healthy conspecifics through selection of high temperatures in a heat gradient. Thermoregulation did not, however, alter the frequency of feeding events nor the amount of food eaten by infected L. migratoria. A thermoregulation regime of a minimum of 4 h/day substantially increased survival of inoculated insects (by 85%). However, the therapeutic effect decreased when thermoregulation was delayed following inoculation of the pathogen. Thermoregulation reduced locust mortality but did not completely eliminate the fungus from infected hosts; the fungus grew and killed the insects when thermoregulation was interrupted. We suggest that periodic, short bouts of thermoregulation, when performed from the onset of infection and for an extended period of time, are sufficient to provide a therapeutic effect to infected hosts. Such thermoregulatory capacity of locusts may limit the potential of fungal pathogens as biological control agents under certain ecological conditions.

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“…Thus, we favour the current trend of localised spraying on hopper bands and predict a much greater and prolonged depression of reptile populations in the event of aerial spraying; (4) we recommend also, that future studies into the effects of deltamethrin on reptiles take into account the delayed nature of the response and design their research protocols accordingly; (5) in light of the negative effects related to the use of deltamethrin, we recommend intensive investigation into the use of microbial control agents that are highly specific to the target organism. Price et al (1997) and Arthurs & Thomas (2000) have recently shown a mycoinsecticide, Metarhizium anisopliae ("flavoviride) Gams & Rozsypal to be effective in reducing feeding rates and increasing mortality rates of L. pardalina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An evaluation of the effects of deltamethrin on two non-target lizard species in the Karoo, South Africa

Alexander

Horne

Hanrahan

2002

Journal of Arid Environments

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Effects of a Mycoinsecticide on Feeding and Fecundity of the Brown Locust Locustana pardalina

Cited by 56 publications

References 24 publications

Virulence and Pre-Lethal Reproductive Effects of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae on Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Virulence and Pre-Lethal Reproductive Effects of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae on Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

Behavioral thermoregulation in the migratory locust: a therapy to overcome fungal infection

An evaluation of the effects of deltamethrin on two non-target lizard species in the Karoo, South Africa

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