Effects of a Pre-Exercise Meal on Plasma Growth Hormone Response and Fat Oxidation during Walking

Shin, Young-Ho; Jung, Hyun-Lyung; Ryu, Jong-Woo; Kim, Pan-Soo; Ha, Tae-Yeol; An, Jinsoo; Kang, Hoyoul

doi:10.3746/pnf.2013.18.3.175

Cited by 10 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The literature reports that physical training is able to reduce insulin resistance (14) related to excessive accumulation of IMTG in sedentary individuals (62) . This effect seems to be due to increased fat oxidation (15) , mainly coming from fatty acids Aziz et al, 2010Bouhlel et al, 2006Coyle et al, 1985Coyle et al, 1997Dohm et al, 1986Farah & Gill, 2013Gonzalez et al, 2013Guéye et al, 2003Horowitz et al, 1997Isacco et al, 2012aIsacco et al, 2012bKirwan et al, 2001aKirwan et al, 2001bLittle et al, 2009Little et al, 2010Massicotte et al, 1990Montain et al, 1991aMontain et al, 1991bRamos-Jiménez et al, 2014Satabin et al, 1987Schabort et al, 1999Shin et al, 2013Wu et al, 2003 Ziogas & Thomas, 1998 derived from IMTG (63) . The acute effects of exercise in the fasted state are able to reduce the content of IMTG by approximately 60 % (5,64) , which does not seem to occur in the fed state (5) and, in the long term, seems to be more effective in improving insulin sensitivity (65) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One possible explanation for this finding in relation to insulin is that carbohydrate ingestion before exercise can result in a considerable increase in insulin concentrations (68) , which may remain high for about 3 h after consuming a meal (51) , and tend to return to basal values when exercise is performed (45,47) . In this case, it is noteworthy that the majority of studies included in the meta-analysis offered meals up to 180 min before exercising (6,7,31,32,37,38,(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52) . Hence, it is probable that insulin concentrations remained high at the beginning of exercise and decreased over the course of the exercise for 'fed state' participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From some of the studies included, it was necessary to exclude certain variables because absolute averages were not givenfor example, the absolute average of fat oxidation during exercise (6,7,(36)(37)(38) . Other variables were excluded as it was impossible to extract values for standard deviation of insulin (39)(40)(41)(42) , glucose (40,41,43) and NEFA (32,40) concentrations.…”

Section: Description Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data were all requested from authors but were not provided. 'DigitizeIt' software was used to extract the average relating to fat oxidation from one study (44) , relating to NEFA concentrations from fourteen studies (6,7,37,38,(41)(42)(43)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51) , relating to glucose concentrations from sixteen studies (6,7,32,(36)(37)(38)(39)42,(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52) and relating to insulin concentrations from thirteen studies (6,7,37,38,43,(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52) .…”

Section: Description Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glucose. Data on glucose concentrations were available from twenty-two studies (6,7,31,32,(36)(37)(38)(39)42,(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57) , with a total of 226 individuals evaluated (Fig. 6).…”

Section: Effects Of Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of aerobic exercise performed in fasted v. fed state on fat and carbohydrate metabolism in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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This study aimed to verify the effect of aerobic exercise performed in the fasted v. fed states on fat and carbohydrate metabolism in adults. Searches were conducted in March 2015, and updated in July 2016, using PubMed ® , Scopus and Cochrane databases (terms: 'fasting', 'exercise', 'aerobic exercise', 'substrate', 'energy metabolism', 'fat', 'glucose', 'insulin' and 'adult') and references from selected studies. Trials that compared the metabolic effects of aerobic exercise (duration ≤120 min) performed in the fasted v. fed states in adults were accepted. The outcomes evaluated were fat oxidation during exercise and the plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose and NEFA before and immediately after exercise; two independent reviewers extracted the data (A. F. V. and L. C.). The results were presented as weighted mean differences between treatments, with 95 % CI. Of 10 405 articles identified, twenty-seven studies -with a total of 273 participants -were included. There was a significant increase in fat oxidation during exercise performed in the fasted, compared with fed, state (−3·08 g; 95 % CI −5·38, −0·79; I 2 39·1 %). The weighted mean difference of NEFA concentrations was not significantly different between states (0·00 mmol/l; 95 % CI −0·07, 0·08; I 2 72·7 %). However, the weighted mean differences of glucose (0·78 mmol/l; 95 % CI 0·43, 1·14; I 2 90·8 %) and insulin concentrations (104·5 pmol/l; 95 % CI 70·8, 138·2; I 2 94·5 %) were significantly higher for exercise performed in the fed state. We conclude that aerobic exercise performed in the fasted state induces higher fat oxidation than exercise performed in the fed state.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of aerobic exercise performed in fasted v. fed state on fat and carbohydrate metabolism in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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Timing, intensity and frequency of exercise for glucose control

Chacko

2016

Acta Diabetol

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Acute effects of whole body vibration exercise on post-load glucose metabolism in healthy men: a pilot randomized crossover trial

et al. 2021

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Purpose Exercise on a whole body vibration (WBV) platform, namely WBV exercise (WBVE), has long-term beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, similarly to conventional moderate-intensity exercise. Conventional moderate-intensity exercise reduces post-load plasma glucose levels at the acute phase. This study aimed to reveal acute effects of WBVE on post-load glucose metabolism. Methods This randomized crossover trial enrolled 18 healthy men. They completed the following three interventions in a random order: (1) a 2-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) without WBVE (OGTT-alone), (2) 20-minute WBVE before an OGTT (WBVE → OGTT), and (3) 20-minute WBVE during an OGTT (OGTT → WBVE). Post-load glucose metabolism in the WBVE → OGTT and OGTT → WBVE interventions were compared with that in the OGTT-alone intervention. Results Plasma glucose levels in the WBVE → OGTT and OGTT → WBVE interventions were not significantly different from those in the OGTT-alone intervention at any time point except 15 min, wherein the WBVE → OGTT intervention had higher glucose levels (111 [interquartile range, 102–122] mg/dL vs 122 [111–134] mg/dL, P = 0.026). Higher plasma glucagon levels were observed at 0 min in the WBVE → OGTT intervention and at 60 min in the OGTT → WBVE intervention ( P = 0.010 and 0.015). Cortisol, Growth hormone, and adrenaline levels were significantly increased after WBVE, whereas noradrenaline levels were not. Serum insulin levels in the WBVE → OGTT intervention were significantly higher than those in the OGTT-alone intervention at 0 min ( P = 0.008). Conclusions WBVE did not decrease post-load plasma glucose levels at the acute phase. Acute effects of WBVE on post-load glucose metabolism would not be identical to those of conventional exercise. The unique trial number and the name of the registry: UMIN000036520, www.umin.ac.jp , date of registration, June 12, 2019.

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Effects of a Pre-Exercise Meal on Plasma Growth Hormone Response and Fat Oxidation during Walking

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of aerobic exercise performed in fasted v. fed state on fat and carbohydrate metabolism in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Effects of aerobic exercise performed in fasted v. fed state on fat and carbohydrate metabolism in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Timing, intensity and frequency of exercise for glucose control

Acute effects of whole body vibration exercise on post-load glucose metabolism in healthy men: a pilot randomized crossover trial

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