Effects of a Single Pill 3-drug Combination of Lamivudine, Nevirapine and Zidovudine on Blood Parameters and Liver Histology in Female Wistar Rats

Adewale, Adesanya Olamide; Jubril, Otulana Olatoye; Oluwaseun, Huthman Ibrahim; Selimot, Huthman Adebukola; Ayoola, A.

doi:10.5923/j.ajmms.20120204.02

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…The findings in this study agree with the findings of Agarwal et al, 2010 were a high incidence of zidovudine induced anaemia was reported amongst Indian patients. This effect of ZDV on Red blood cells and platelets observed in this study can be attributed to its myelosuppressive ability that has been well established [2,1,42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Comparison of Viral Load, CD4 and Hematological Parameters Amongst HIV, Patients on Tenofovir and Zidovudine-Based ARV Therapy in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Umeozulu,

Ibeh,

Obafemi

2024

IJHPEBS

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HIV is a global public health concern and people diagnosed with HIV are treated with Antiretroviral therapy. Until 2017, Tenofovir and Zidovudine-based ART were the two major first line drugs for PLHIVs in Nasarawa Nigeria. This study aims to compare the HIV viral load suppression amongst patients on these two ART combinations in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The study was conducted in three (3) secondary health facilities in Nasarawa State using one hundred subjects selected randomly from the three facilities comprising 50 HIV Sero-positive individuals on Tenofovir-based ART and 50 HIV sero-positive individuals on Zidovudine-based ART. Ethylene diamine Tetra Acetic (EDTA) blood specimen was obtained from each study participant for Full blood count (FBC) using haematology auto-analyser (Sysmex K21N), CD4 count using Partec Cyflow Counter II and HIV viral load analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The demographic data of study participants shows that more females (72) were involved in the study making up 64% of the subjects on Tenofovir and 80% of those on Zidovuine and most of the subjects were within the ages of 26-35years. There was no significant difference (p=0.666) in the viral load of the subjects on any of the regimen. The red blood cells count (RBC) and platelet counts were significantly different (p<0.0001) amongst the subjects on the two ART regimen whereas CD4 count, white blood cells count, lymphocytes count, granulocytes count and Packed cell volume (PCV) were not significantly different within the two groups. Age affected some of the haematological parameters (granulocytes, PCV, RBCs and platelets) within the two groups at different ages. Sex only affected the PCV and granulocytes of subjects within the two different groups (p=0.0069), occupation, knowledge about HIV/AIDS disease and care, duration of ART treatment and year of initial diagnosis of HIV did not affect the haematological and immunological parameters of subjects on the two ART regimen. Conclusively, there is no significant difference in the virologic and immunological response of patients on the two ART therapy but some haematological parameters of subjects on Zidovudine were statistically different from those on Tenofovir.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Comparison of Viral Load, CD4 and Hematological Parameters Amongst HIV, Patients on Tenofovir and Zidovudine-Based ARV Therapy in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Umeozulu,

Ibeh,

Obafemi

2024

IJHPEBS

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Concentration-Effect, Incidence and Mechanism of Nevirapine Hepatotoxicity

Elias¹

2013

American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

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Nevirapine is a dipyridozepinone non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor approved for use in HIV-infected patients. Its efficacy has been well demonstrated in numerous clinical trials. It has activity against HIV-1 but does not have significant activity against HIV-2 or other retroviruses. Nevirapine is used as one of the components of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients and in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV. Reports have linked nevirapine containing highly active antiretroviral therapy with hepatotoxicity which is of great clinical concern. In this study, a comprehensive literature review on reports (previous and present) of nevirapine associated hepatotoxicity in experimental animal studies and humans (case reports, clinical trials and cohorts' studies) was performed. The relationships between length of nevirapine therapy, plasma concentration and nevirapine associated hepatotoxicity were evaluated. The possible mechanisms of nevirapine associated hepatotoxicity were also reviewed. Analysis of data from various clinical trials, cohort and other studies involving patients taking nevirapine containing antiretroviral therapy showed that nevirapine could be hepatotoxic. Nevirapine associated hepatotoxicity is of two distinguished types the early immune mediated hypersensitivity reaction which develops within 18 weeks and the late onset hepatotoxicity which occurs after18 weeks of nevirapine therapy. Most nevirapine associated hepatotoxicity manifested as hepatitis, jaundice, cholestatic hepatitis, hepatic necrosis and fulminant hepatic failure with rare deaths. This hepatotoxicity is associated with elevation in levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and other biomarkers of liver function. Liver enlargement and necrosis which occurred in centrilobular and mediolobular region marked with inflammations are features of nevirapine associated hepatotoxicity. Nevirapine hepatotoxicity might have correlation with length of therapy but with discrepancy in reports on the relationship between nevirapine hepatotoxicity and nevirapine plasma concentration. The mechanism of nevirapine associated hepatotoxicity is not well understood but could be attributed to direct toxic effect on the liver, mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes, hypersensitivity reaction and stress induced by nevirapine. It is recommended that liver function should be evaluation for HIV patients eligible for nevirapine containing highly active antiretroviral therapy.

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Evaluating the Effects of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Neem Plant and Hog Plum on the Liver Histology of Zidovudine Induced-Oxidative Stress Wistar Rats

Ubah

Asuquo

Oko

et al. 2019

JOCAMR

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Effects of a Single Pill 3-drug Combination of Lamivudine, Nevirapine and Zidovudine on Blood Parameters and Liver Histology in Female Wistar Rats

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Comparison of Viral Load, CD4 and Hematological Parameters Amongst HIV, Patients on Tenofovir and Zidovudine-Based ARV Therapy in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Comparison of Viral Load, CD4 and Hematological Parameters Amongst HIV, Patients on Tenofovir and Zidovudine-Based ARV Therapy in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Concentration-Effect, Incidence and Mechanism of Nevirapine Hepatotoxicity

Evaluating the Effects of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Neem Plant and Hog Plum on the Liver Histology of Zidovudine Induced-Oxidative Stress Wistar Rats

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