Effects of a Subacute Ruminal Acidosis Model on the Diet Selection of Dairy Cows

Keunen, J.E.; Plaizier, J.C.; Kyriazakis, L.; Duffield, T.F.; Widowski, Tina M.; Lindinger, Michael I.; McBride, B.W.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74419-6

Cited by 190 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Changes of the pH values after the morning feeding in this study were similar to previous studies (Krause & Oetzel 2005; Keunen et al . 2002). These results demonstrated the possible use of the radio‐transmission pH‐measurement system for the assessment and monitoring of ruminal pH of cows in field conditions.…”

Section: Changes In Ruminal Ph In Cattle Fed Different Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2002). Some SARA cows have normal ruminal lactate concentrations, indicating that elevated VFA concentration is one of the main causes of low ruminal pH.…”

Section: Relations Between Ph and Temperature Vfa In Ruminal Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although an indwelling ruminal pH system has made continuous recording of ruminal pH possible (Keunen et al . 2002; Nocek et al . 2002a,2002b; Rustome et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathophysiological evaluation of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) by continuous ruminal pH monitoring

Satō

2015

Animal Science Journal

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Evaluation of the radio‐transmission pH‐measurement system for monitoring the ruminal pH and subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in cattle is described. This is done in order to reveal the possible application of this system for detection and pathophysiological research of SARA by continuous ruminal pH measurement. The possibility of using this system for assessment of the ruminal pH in SARA cattle, and the presence of negative correlation between the ruminal pH and ruminal temperature in heathy and SARA cattle were determined. In addition, the 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing analysis showed that the ruminal microbial community was simpler in SARA cattle, and the bacterial numbers in SARA cattle were lower than those in healthy hay‐fed cattle. Concentrate feeding might have reduced the diversity of the ruminal microbial community. Changes in the ruminal microbial community of SARA cattle might be related to the changes in ruminal pH followed by the decrease in the number of some bacteria. Continuous monitoring of the ruminal pH using the radio‐transmission pH‐measurement system would be applied for detection and prevention of SARA in the field and pathophysiological research of SARA, including ruminal zymology and bacteriology, which have been determined previously by sampling of the ruminal fluid and measuring of ruminal pH.

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Section: Changes In Ruminal Ph In Cattle Fed Different Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2002). Some SARA cows have normal ruminal lactate concentrations, indicating that elevated VFA concentration is one of the main causes of low ruminal pH.…”

Section: Relations Between Ph and Temperature Vfa In Ruminal Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathophysiological evaluation of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) by continuous ruminal pH monitoring

Satō

2015

Animal Science Journal

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“…In the current intensive production systems, large amounts of cereal grains or easily degradable byproducts are fed to lactating cows to meet energy requirement for maintenance and high milk yields (Keunen et al, 2002). As a consequence, the ruminant microbial ecology and systemic metabolic state will change because of the rapid fermentation and subsequent excessive organic acids accumulation, and such animals are likely to suffer metabolic disorders such as acidosis, fatty liver, laminitis and even systemic inflammation (Alegre et al, 1988;Kleen et al, 2003;Plaizier et al, 2008;Dong et al, 2011;Tao et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in milk performance and hepatic metabolism in mid-lactating dairy goats after being fed a high concentrate diet for 10 weeks

Dong

Sun

Cong

et al. 2017

Animal

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Feeding a high concentrate (HC) diet is a widely used strategy for supporting high milk yields, yet it may cause certain metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the changes in milk production and hepatic metabolism in goats fed different proportions of concentrate in the diet for 10 weeks. In total, 12 mid-lactating goats were randomly assigned to an HC diet (65% concentrate of dry matter, n = 6) or a low concentrate (LC) diet (35% concentrate of dry matter, n = 6). Compared with LC, HC goats produced greater amounts of volatile fatty acids and produced more milk and milk lactose, fat and protein ( P < 0.01). HC goats showed a greater concentration of ATP, NAD, plasma non-esterified fatty acids and hepatic triglycerides than LC goats ( P < 0.05). Real-time PCR results showed that messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of gluconeogenic genes, namely, glucose-6-phosphatase, pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were significantly up-regulated and accompanied greater gluconeogenic enzyme activities in the liver of HC goats. Moreover, the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes including sterol regulatory elementbinding protein 1c, fatty acid synthase and diacylglycerol acyltransferase mRNA was also up-regulated by the HC diet ( P < 0.05). HC goats had greater hepatic phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase than LC ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, histone-3-lysine-27-acetylation contributed to this elevation of gluconeogenic gene expression. These results indicate that lactating goats fed an HC diet for 10 weeks produced more milk, which was associated with up-regulated gene expression and enzyme activities involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis.Keywords: milk performance, gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, high concentrate diet, lactating dairy goats ImplicationsFeeding a high concentrate diet to ruminants is a common strategy for maintaining high milk yields. Unfortunately, there is a strong correlation between the amount of concentrate feeding and the occurrence of acidosis and fatty liver in practice, which will decrease animal welfare and result in significant economic losses. As the vital metabolic organ, the liver is responsible for nutrient partitioning and contributes to the input of substrate precursors to the mammary gland for milk production. Therefore, it is important to investigate changes of hepatic metabolism in lactating ruminants fed a high concentrate diet, which will help elucidate the internal mechanism behind these metabolic changes.

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“…Παρά το γεγονός ότι ο παραπάνω ορισμός γίνεται ευρύτερα αποδεκτός στη διεθνή βιβλιογραφία, υφί στανται ακόμη αποκλίνουσες απόψεις τόσο για την κατώτερη φυσιολογική τιμή pH του περιεχομένου της ΜΚ (Garrett 1996, Keunen et al 2002, Plaizier et al 2008, όσο και για το εάν η εξέλιξη της νόσου είναι υποκλινική, υποξεια ή ακόμη και χρόνια (Slyter 1976, Garrett 1996, Nocek 1997.…”

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Subacute ruminai acidosis in dairy cows

Kitkas

Panousis

Valergakis

et al. 2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Subacute or subclinical ruminai acidosis (SARA) is one of the most important metabolic diseases of dairy cows, characterized by a decrease in pH of rumen fluid below 5.5 (up to 5), certain hours after feeding. SARA is commonly found in intensive livestock production systems; so far, its prevalence has been studied only in few countries and was found to be particularly high. The disease is caused by a decrease in rumen pH below normal level, due to an excessive increase of rumen volatile fattyacids (VFA) concentration. The increased concentration of VFA could be due to diets rich in easily fermentable carbohydrates or slow absorption of the VFA by the rumen wall, due to maladjustment in high energy diets. Finely chopped feeds that do not adequately stimulate mastication and rumination, resulting in less production of saliva that acts as a buffer of the rumen fluid pH, seem to play an important role in the etiology of the disease. The diagnosis of SARA, based on its definition, is established by rumen pH determination, at specific time intervals after feeding. Continuous pH data acquisition can be obtained, for research purposes only, by rumen cannulation and immersion in rumen fluid of a pH-meter that continuously transmits pH data to a computer. Alternatively, the pH-measuring device can be inserted orally into the rumen in a bolus form, which is also a transmittersending the pH data continuously to a computer. The latter method is very promising for clinical practice, but, unfortunately, is currently too expensive. It is easier and more affordable for practitioners to obtain a rumen fluid sample by either using a rumen tube or, preferably, by performing rumenocentesis, by which rumen fluid free of "contaminating" saliva is collected. Rumenocentesis is safe, easy to perform and more accurate than rumen tubing. The impact of SARA in dairy cows includes,amongst others, reduction of milk production, milk fat content depression, laminitis and, therefore, lameness, liver abscesses formation and, therefore, caudal vena cava syndrome, increased culling rate without any obvious cause etc. SARA treatment and prevention is mainly based on management and dietary measures that eliminate the causes of the disease.

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Effects of a Subacute Ruminal Acidosis Model on the Diet Selection of Dairy Cows

Cited by 190 publications

References 21 publications

Pathophysiological evaluation of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) by continuous ruminal pH monitoring

Pathophysiological evaluation of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) by continuous ruminal pH monitoring

Changes in milk performance and hepatic metabolism in mid-lactating dairy goats after being fed a high concentrate diet for 10 weeks

Subacute ruminai acidosis in dairy cows

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