Effects of a Whole-Body Resistive Training Regimen in the Elderly

Dupler, Terry L.; Cortes, C. W.

doi:10.1159/000213548

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This phenomenon can be partly reversed with training. The subsequent strength gains, even in the aged muscles, may be attributed mainly to two factors: (a) improved efficiency in the neural control of MU activity (Hakkinen et al 1998;Hakkinen et al 2000), and (b) hypertrophy of the muscle fibers (Fiatarone et al 1990;Dupler and Cortes 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strength training increases the muscle mass (Fiatarone et al 1990;Frontera et al 1991;Narici et al 1996;Hakkinen et al 1998) and maximal muscle strength (Dupler and Cortes 1993;Morganti et al 1995;Narici et al 1996) in young as well as in elderly subjects. Increase in maximal strength with training could be the result of neural adaptation, especially at the beginning of the training period, as well as of adaptive changes in the skeletal muscle fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface EMG and mechanomyogram disclose isokinetic training effects on quadriceps muscle in elderly people

et al. 2005

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Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and cross-sectional area (CSA) of fast and slow twitch fibers are reduced in the lower limb muscles of elderly subjects. Isokinetic training at medium and high velocities has been widely used to improve muscle performance and force in young as well as elderly subjects. EMG and mechanomyogram (MMG) are compound signals in which the electrical and mechanical activities of recruited motor units (MUs) are summated. The aim of the present study was to verify the hypothesis that isokinetic training in the elderly induces changes in EMG and MMG parameters, compatible with a functional retrieval of fast twitch fiber MUs. In ten sedentary males (62-78 years), the surface EMG and MMG were recorded from the vastus lateralis muscle during isometric contractions at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the MVC, before and after 12 weeks of isokinetic training (six series of ten repetitions, each at an angular velocity of 2.09 rad s(-1) and 4.19 rad s(-1), two times a week). With training: (a) MVC and CSA increased by about 35+/-5% and 8+/-1%, respectively (P<0.05); (b) the ratio MVC/CSA increased significantly in all subjects by 25+/-5%; (c) the EMG root mean square and MMG spectral mean frequency increased significantly at the highest workloads. In conclusion, our data indicate that isokinetic training in the elderly improved muscle size and performance significantly. The EMG and MMG changes suggest that these results may be due to a retrieval of the fast twitch fiber MUs, contributing to muscle action.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface EMG and mechanomyogram disclose isokinetic training effects on quadriceps muscle in elderly people

et al. 2005

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“…In addition, insulin responsiveness as assessed by an oral glucose-tolerance test improved by 30%. In contrast, Dupler & Cortes (1993), reported no changes in lean body mass calculated from skinfold thicknesses in response to 12 weeks of resistance training in twenty healthy older men and women at a training intensity of approximately 65% of the 1RM. However, since the direct skinfold measurements are not reported in the study of Dupler & Cortes (1993), it is difficult to speculate on the changes in body fat mass.…”

Section: H a N G E S In B O D Y Composition A N D E N E R G Y Metabmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of exercise training in the elderly: impact of progressive-resistance training on skeletal muscle and whole-body protein metabolism

Fielding

1995

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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The changes in cardiovascular and muscular performance associated with advancing age closely parallel the age-related changes observed in the musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory systems. In sedentary individuals, maximal 0 2 uptake declines at a rate of 1% per year after the third decade of life (Astrand, 1960) and isometric and dynamic muscle strength begin to decrease after the fifth decade (Larsson, 1983). These declines in exercise capacity throughout an individual's life span can affect functional capacity and impinge on the ability to perform activities of daily living. The decreased cardiorespiratory function and reduced muscle mass and strength observed with advancing age resemble the change in these variables which occur with bedrest or reduced activity (Saltin & Rowell, 1980;Bortz, 1982). Together with these declines in physiological and metabolic function are alterations in voluntary food intake and energy requirements. Energy intake as well as total daily energy expenditure decline with advancing age (McGandy et al. 1966). The relative importance of the ageing process itself, nutritional inadequacies, and the documented age-related declines in voluntary physical activity on the decline in fat-free mass (FFM) and exercise tolerance have yet to be fully understood.Nutritional status, functional capacity and body composition are all interrelated. Alterations in whole-body composition particularly the FFM or lean body mass component have a significant impact on both nutrient requirements (particularly energy and protein) and the functional exercise capacity of an individual. Declines or deficits in functional capacity can be caused by inadequate nutrient intake as well as a reduction in the FFM. These relationships are of particular importance in the elderly whose functional capacity may already be compromised.The present review describes the age-related changes in body composition with particular reference to the loss of skeletal muscle mass or 'sarcopenia'. The effects of this reduced skeletal muscle mass on functional status and the impact of exercise interventions on skeletal muscle structure and function in the elderly are also discussed. Finally, the effects of ageing on whole-body and skeletal muscle protein turnover are discussed with specific reference to the effects of exercise on protein metabolism in the elderly.https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi

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“…Among the physiological adaptations of resistive training are increases in bone mass, connective tissue thickness, and associated increases in muscle strength, endurance, and functional performance. Resistive training increases muscle mass and resting energy expenditure, and may decrease mass 12–15 . Furthermore, weight training has been related to improvements in many metabolic risk factors for coronary disease including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance, and hyperinsulinemia.…”

Section: Health Benefits Of Resistive Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Efficacy of Resistive Training in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease

Stewart

2000

Preventive Cardiology

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In the past 10-15 years, there have been several studies on the acute and chronic responses to resistive training in patients with cardiovascular disease. As a result, the safety and efficacy of resistive exercise has become more evident. Resistive training appears to be safe and effective for promoting fitness and improving risk factors in patients with coronary heart disease. This review addresses the health and fitness benefits in these patients, the established guidelines regarding inclusion and exclusion into programs, guidelines for resistive training exercise prescriptions, and how these guidelines have evolved in recent years. (Prev Cardiol. 2000;3:71-76)

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Effects of a Whole-Body Resistive Training Regimen in the Elderly

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Surface EMG and mechanomyogram disclose isokinetic training effects on quadriceps muscle in elderly people

Surface EMG and mechanomyogram disclose isokinetic training effects on quadriceps muscle in elderly people

Effects of exercise training in the elderly: impact of progressive-resistance training on skeletal muscle and whole-body protein metabolism

Safety and Efficacy of Resistive Training in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease

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