Effects of Acanthopanax senticosus on Brain Injury Induced by Simulated Spatial Radiation in Mouse Model Based on Pharmacokinetics and Comparative Proteomics

Abstract

The active compounds in Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) have different pharmacokinetic characteristics in mouse models. Cmax and AUC of Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharides (ASPS) were significantly reduced in radiation-injured mice, suggesting that the blood flow of mouse was blocked or slowed, due to the pathological state of ischemia and hypoxia, which are caused by radiation. In contrast, the ability of various metabolizing enzymes to inactivate, capacity of biofilm transport decrease, and lessening of renal blood flow accounts for radiation, resulting in the accumulation of syringin and eleutheroside E in the irradiated mouse. Therefore, there were higher pharmacokinetic parameters—AUC, MRT, and t1/2 of the two compounds in radiation-injured mouse, when compared with normal mouse. In order to investigate the intrinsic mechanism of AS on radiation injury, AS extract’s protective effects on brain, the main part of mouse that suffered from radiation, were explored. The function of AS extract in repressing expression changes of radiation response proteins in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mouse brain included tubulin protein family (α-, β-tubulin subunits), dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (CRMP2), γ-actin, 14-3-3 protein family (14-3-3ζ, ε), heat shock protein 90β (HSP90β), and enolase 2. The results demonstrated the AS extract had positive effects on nerve cells’ structure, adhesion, locomotion, fission, and phagocytosis, through regulating various action pathways, such as Hippo, phagosome, PI3K/Akt (phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B), Neurotrophin, Rap1 (Ras-related protein RAP-1A), gap junction glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and HIF-1 (Hypoxia-inducible factor 1) signaling pathways to maintain normal mouse neurological activity. All of the results indicated that AS may be a promising alternative medicine for the treatment of radiation injury in mouse brain. It would be tested that whether the bioactive ingredients of AS could be effective through the blood–brain barrier in the future.

Effects of light intensity on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and secondary metabolites of Eleutherococcus senticosus Harms

“…In recent years, E. senticosus have become popular in the United States and European countries as a new medicinal plant and dietary supplement. The plant has many pharmacological effects, including antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antigout, anti-hepatitis, antioxidant, antipyretic effects; other effects include choleretic, hemostasis, immune stimulation, cholesterol-lowering, and radiation protection (Yi et al 2001, Yoon et al 2004, Park et al 2006, Zhou et al 2018b. E. senticosus contains a variety of pharmaceutical compounds, including lignin, coumarins, triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, vitamins, minerals, and polysaccharides.…”

Anti‑fibrosis activity of combination therapy with epigallocatechin gallate, taurine and genistein by regulating glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and ribosomal and lysosomal signaling pathways in HSC‑T6 cells

“…Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis serve important roles in supplying ATP for hypoxic metabolism, cellular proliferation and apoptosis ( 41 ). Several enzymes and proteins, including hexokinase-2, aldolase A and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, associated with glycolysis and gluconeogenesis may be potential molecular targets in pancreatic, breast and gastrointestinal tumors ( 42 , 43 ). The ribosome signaling pathway has been implicated in a wide variety of biological functions, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis and DNA damage responses ( 44 – 47 ).…”

Eleutheroside-b and e in Acanthopanax Senticosus has Anti-PRV Activity via an Enhanced Body Immune Response in Vivo

“…In the 1980s, AS was shown to enhance the immune-modulatory effect clinically. Scientists demonstrated that an ethanolic AS preparation caused a drastic increase in the absolute number of immunecompromised cells with a noticeable effect on T lymphocytes (predominantly helper cells) as well as cytotoxic and natural killer cells in healthy volunteers (Miyazaki et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2018a;Zhou et al, 2018b).…”