Effects of ACTH-Like Neuropeptides on Animal Behavior and Man

Bohus, B.

doi:10.1159/000137239

Cited by 63 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The effect of Px and aM T on diurnal rhythmicity o f G A B A and B N Z receptors was examined in rat cerebral cortex mem branes, showing that their normal diurnal rhythmicity was dependent on an intact pineal gland [8,9], Although aM T displays similar hypnotic, sedative and anticonvul sant propteries as B N Z , the modulation o f G A B A and B N Z binding by aM T is not due to a direct effect on the binding sites, as shown in vitro [8,9]. The aM T modula tion o f G A B A and B N Z binding could involve a corticoid mechanism related to the pineal-adrenal axis previously described [10], Adrenal and pituitary hormones can in fluence C N S activity [11,12] and regulate B N Z receptors in mice [13] and rats [14,15], while A C T H is known to increase in midbrain and striatal G A B A receptor binding [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Influence of the Behaviorally Active Peptides ACTH1–10, and ACTH4–10 on the Melatonin Modulation of 3H-Flunitrazepam Receptor Binding in the Rat Cerebral Cortex

Gomar

Fernández²,

Aguila³

et al. 1994

Neuroendocrinology

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Possible interactions of ACTH-like peptides with melatonin regulation of central-type benzodiazepine (BNZ) receptors have been studied by means of highaffinity ³H-fiunitrazepam binding to rat cerebral cortex membrane preparations. Intracerebroventricular injections of melatonin produce a dose-dependent increase in B_max in pinealectomized rats, without changes in K_D. Analogous effects were obtained after intracerebroventricular injection of melatonin in adrenalectomized and in adrenalectomized plus pinealectomized rats, which indicated the lack of participation of adrenal steroids in this response. Moreover, intracerebroventricular injection of ACTH_1–10 induced a similar dose-dependent increased B_max in sham-operated animals, whereas pinealectomy, but not adrenalectomy, partially counteracted this effect of ACTH_1–10 administration. Besides, simultaneous injection of ACTH_1–10 plus melatonin reverses the effects of pinealectomy, resulting in an additive effect of both compounds on B_max. The response obtained when using ACTH_4–10 was somewhat different, because no dose response was obtained in any experiment. Although lack of endogenous melatonin partially reduced the increasing effect of ACTH_4–10 on B_max, there were no additive effects at the different doses used. The results strongly suggest that ACTH-like peptides, in addition to melatonin, play a role in regulating central-type rat BNZ receptors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Influence of the Behaviorally Active Peptides ACTH1–10, and ACTH4–10 on the Melatonin Modulation of 3H-Flunitrazepam Receptor Binding in the Rat Cerebral Cortex

Gomar

Fernández²,

Aguila³

et al. 1994

Neuroendocrinology

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“…Such a change in GR in the central monoaminergic neurons may lead to an increase in some of the behavioral effects of glucocorticoids, which are opposite to those of ACTH and related peptides and probably enhance the defeat reaction (see de Wied, 1977;Bohus, 1970Bohus, , 1979. It seems likely that in this way the glucocorticoids may protect against stress and improve the recovery of transmitter stores depleted by overactivation of the stress systems (Munck and Guyre, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic immobilization stress: evidence for decreases of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine immunoreactivity and for increases of glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity in various brain regions of the male rat

Kitayama

Cintra

Janson

et al. 1989

J. Neural Transmission

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Male rats were exposed to severe 14 day immobilization stress. Body weight, body temperature, food and water intake, behavioral parameters, and serum corticosterone levels were measured during and after the stress period. On the 7th day after cessation of stress the experimental animals together with the control rats were taken to immunocytochemical analysis involving morphometry and microdensitometry of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), various neuropeptide, and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) immunoreactivities (IRs) in a large number of regions of the central nervous system. In addition, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) IR was analyzed in the pituitary gland. Seven days following cessation of the chronic stress food intake, total locomotion and forward locomotion had been restored to normal. Serum corticosterone levels appeared to remain increased even 6 days following cessation of the chronic immobilization stress, probably caused by increased release of ACTH. Paraventricular corticotropin releasing hormone (CRF) IR was negatively correlated with the pituitary ACTH IR, indicating that the increase in ACTH release was produced by an increased release of CRF from the hypothalamus. The major immunocytochemical change observed 7 days after cessation of stress was a disappearance of 5-HT IR in the 5-HT cell groups B1, B2, B3, and B7. 5-HT IR in nerve terminals was only affected in the dorsal horn, where 5-HT IR was increased in the substantia gelatinosa. GR IR was found to be significantly increased in monoaminergic cell groups: serotoninergic B7, dopaminergic A12, and noradrenergic A1, A2, and A6. A trend for a reduction of TH IR was observed in nigral DA cells associated with significant reductions in TH IR in striatal DA nerve terminals. Finally, increases in 5-HT and substance P (SP) IR were found in the nerve terminals of the substantia gelatinosa of the cervical spinal cord in the stress group. In the present experimental model evidence has been obtained for a maintained activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as evaluated 7 days after cessation of severe chronic immobilization stress. The reduction of 5-HT IR in various 5-HT cell groups indicates a reduction of 5-HT synthesis, which may also be associated with reduced 5-HT release from the nerve terminals, since no depletion was observed in terminal regions and in one case an increase in 5-HT IR was noted (substantia gelatinosa).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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“…A possible interac tion may involve limbic NE-mediated in hibition of stress-activated central ACTH secretion [Ganong, 1972[Ganong, , 1974. The litera ture concerning the relationship of pitui tary ACTH secretion and behavior moti vated by aversion is extensive [Bohus, 1973[Bohus, , 1979 for reviews]. Perhaps, the neu ral basis of aversive information process ing may be related to a discrete decrease in ACTH inhibition by limbic noradrenergic modulation within a crucial limit.…”

Section: Evidence From Neurophysiological Studies In Learning and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Aversive Information Processing: A Temporal Trade-Off Hypothesis

Me¹

1982

Brain Behav Evol

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There is often a temporal relation in survival probabilities in life-threatening situations such as predator-prey encounters. As a situation intensifies or becomes more immediately dangerous, reflex responses usually dominate behavior, resulting in there being less time available to gather information for more complex processing by higher brain substrates. The only information to form a memory of such a threatening experience may be some neural code for 'avoid' (or a negative emotional attribute) and the context in which the experience has occurred. Hence, memory for aversive experiences may be more labile while reflexive responses to danger become much less labile to experimental manipulation as the severity of the threat increases. Natural selection may have preferentially acted on escape and avoidance responses such that plasticity to make decisions concerning other options in increasingly dangerous arenas may be much more limited. The possibility that time becomes a trade-off in an organism's attempt to more fully evaluate characteristics of a perceived threat underlies the 'temporal trade-off hypothesis'.

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Effects of ACTH-Like Neuropeptides on Animal Behavior and Man

Cited by 63 publications

References 12 publications

Influence of the Behaviorally Active Peptides ACTH<sub>1–10</sub>, and ACTH<sub>4–10</sub> on the Melatonin Modulation of <sup>3</sup>H-Flunitrazepam Receptor Binding in the Rat Cerebral Cortex

Influence of the Behaviorally Active Peptides ACTH<sub>1–10</sub>, and ACTH<sub>4–10</sub> on the Melatonin Modulation of <sup>3</sup>H-Flunitrazepam Receptor Binding in the Rat Cerebral Cortex

Chronic immobilization stress: evidence for decreases of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine immunoreactivity and for increases of glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity in various brain regions of the male rat

Evolution of Aversive Information Processing: A Temporal Trade-Off Hypothesis

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