Effects of acute and repeated restraint stress on endocannabinoid content in the amygdala, ventral striatum, and medial prefrontal cortex in mice

Rademacher, David J.; Meier, Sarah E.; Shi, Lishuo; Ho, W-S Vanessa; Jarrahian, Abbas; Hillard, Cecilia J.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.06.012

Cited by 206 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Previous studies indicated that glucocorticoids may also interact with the endocannabinoid system. Bidirectional and functional relationships between glucocorticoids and the endocannabinoid system have been demonstrated (22,(56)(57)(58). Exogenous cannabinoids activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis to induce a neuroendocrine stress response (59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocannabinoids in the rat basolateral amygdala enhance memory consolidation and enable glucocorticoid modulation of memory

Campolongo

Roozendaal

Trezza

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

265

209

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocannabinoids in the rat basolateral amygdala enhance memory consolidation and enable glucocorticoid modulation of memory

Campolongo

Roozendaal

Trezza

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

265

209

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“…This cage is capable of accommodating 25 unrestrained mice according to [24]. Hence, with only 18 mice in each cage of the experimental groups, the mice were able to move around freely and to prevent stress related changes as observed in [17]. Both the sham exposure and the RF exposure groups' ambient temperature and humidity throughout the experiment were maintained at 27 ± 2 • C and 65% ± 5%, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This emerging technology to date has witnessed a lot of research papers with many contradictions. Most significant researches were done using mice exposed to either GSM frequencies or frequencies around that of GSM as in [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Research on haematological parameters in [18] reported that thermal effects of RF EMF was capable of increasing neutrophils and decreased the levels of lymphocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these researches uses animal in restrained position where animals do not have access to water or food during exposure. This restrained position is reported causing stress related changes in [17,20] and imposes constraints on behavior and brain development of the animals [21]. The study of long term effect in this condition is also not appropriate as no exposures per day and per week will be identical leading to serious comparative difficulties as reported in [16,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MICROWAVE EFFECT OF 0.9 GHz AND 1.8 GHz CW FREQUENCIES EXPOSED TO UNRESTRAINED SWISS ALBINO MICE

Usman

Ahmad

Kadir

et al. 2012

PIER B

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Abstract-Long term radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF EMF) exposures due to Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) frequencies were investigated in this study. 158 Swiss Albino mice in unrestrained conditions were used as surrogate and divided into four groups. The average peak field strength generated and measured inside the cages placed at a far field from the antennas is 0.6 × 10 −3 mW/cm 2 , and the specific absorption rate at 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz is 2.33 × 10 −3 W/kg and 1.97 × 10 −4 W/kg, respectively. Three samples of the mice chosen at random each from sham and exposed groups in week 4 and subsequently biweekly basis were taken for haematology and histopathology tests. The complete blood count result shows that haematological parameters of both the sham exposed and exposed mice were within the normal range of mice in the control group. A statistical analysis was conducted to determine whether differences observed between the experimental groups were significant. The histopathology examination on some internal organs shows that spleen and bone marrow of the mice were normal for all the three experimental groups, while a sign of tissue degeneration and inflammations were observed after 8 weeks of exposure on the brain,

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“…Various types of acute or chronic stressors will trigger EC production and CB 1 receptor activation in a site-and time-specific manner in the brain, this being one of the mechanisms that helps the organism to cope with, and recover from, the consequences of stress [11][12][13][14][15]. Accordingly, cross-talk between glucocorticoids and the EC system has been described [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The endocannabinoid system in obesity and type 2 diabetes

2008

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Endocannabinoids (ECs) are defined as endogenous agonists of cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2 (CB 1 and CB 2 ). ECs, EC anabolic and catabolic enzymes and cannabinoid receptors constitute the EC signalling system. This system participates in the control of lipid and glucose metabolism at several levels, with the possible endpoint of the accumulation of energy as fat. Following unbalanced energy intake, however, the EC system becomes dysregulated, and in most cases overactive, in several organs participating in energy homeostasis, particularly, in intraabdominal adipose tissue. This dysregulation might contribute to excessive visceral fat accumulation and reduced adiponectin release from this tissue, and to the onset of several cardiometabolic risk factors that are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. This phenomenon might form the basis of the mechanism of action of CB 1 antagonists/ inverse agonists, recently developed by several pharmaceutical companies as adjuvants to lifestyle modification for weight reduction, glycaemic control and dyslipidaemia in obese and type 2 diabetes patients. It also helps to explain why some of the beneficial actions of these new therapeutics appear to be partly independent from weight loss.

show abstract

Effects of acute and repeated restraint stress on endocannabinoid content in the amygdala, ventral striatum, and medial prefrontal cortex in mice

Cited by 206 publications

References 41 publications

Endocannabinoids in the rat basolateral amygdala enhance memory consolidation and enable glucocorticoid modulation of memory

Endocannabinoids in the rat basolateral amygdala enhance memory consolidation and enable glucocorticoid modulation of memory

MICROWAVE EFFECT OF 0.9 GHz AND 1.8 GHz CW FREQUENCIES EXPOSED TO UNRESTRAINED SWISS ALBINO MICE

The endocannabinoid system in obesity and type 2 diabetes

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