Effects of acute caffeine intake on combat sports performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Díaz-Lara, Javier; Grgić, Jozo; Detanico, Daniele; Botella, Javier; Jiménez, Sol Beatriz; Coso, Juan Del

doi:10.1080/10408398.2022.2068499

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The present meta-analysis revealed that caffeine supplementation improved the total number of throws during the test. This result supports the previous one reported by Diaz-Lara et al [ 37 ] (SMD = 0.62), despite the distinction in the methodology used (as mentioned above). Moreover, as a measure of anaerobic performance, the increase in performance during the SJFT supports a previous meta-analysis [ 30 ], showing increased peak power and mean power output during the Wingate test, following supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The discrepancy across results could be related to distinction in sports modalities [ 8 ] and the training levels [ 13 ]. However, even with combat sports athletes, Diaz-Lara et al [ 37 ] found a significant effect of caffeine supplementation on jump height (Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) = 0.38). The discrepancy between our results and theirs could be related to the methods followed (e.g., adjusted effect size vs. standardized mean difference, and pooling data from multi-arms studies vs. using the dose with the greatest ergogenic effect).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, several meta-analyses [ 19 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ] investigating the impact of caffeine supplementation on sports performance have been conducted. In combat sports specifically, a recent systematic review with a meta-analytic approach [ 37 ] was conducted; however, the aforementioned meta-analysis was limited to some combat sports performances and neglected several other variables, such as the handgrip strength, the dynamic strength-endurance performance, the special judo fitness test index, the heart rate, and the rate of perceived exertion. Moreover, conducting a meta-analysis following the updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA) is recommended to generate reliable and transparent findings [ 38 ], which was not the case in the aforementioned meta-analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, conducting a meta-analysis following the updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA) is recommended to generate reliable and transparent findings [ 38 ], which was not the case in the aforementioned meta-analysis. Moreover, based on the work by Diaz-Lara et al [ 37 ], it seems that choosing one dose in the case of multi-arms studies is an inappropriate method, as the research question is to compare the drug in all dosages to the placebo. This is evident, as all comparisons (also called relative effects or contrasts) to the placebo should be included in the same meta-analysis, according to the Cochrane handbook [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Physical Performance, Physiological Responses, Perceived Exertion, and Technical-Tactical Skills in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Although the effects of caffeine supplementation on combat sports performance have been extensively investigated, there is currently no consensus regarding its ergogenic benefits.This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to summarize the studies investigating the effects of caffeine supplementation on different aspects of performance in combat sports and to quantitatively analyze the results of these studies to better understand the ergogenic effect of caffeine on combat sports outcomes. A systematic search for randomized placebo-controlled studies investigating the effects of caffeine supplementation on combat sports’ performance was performed through Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases up to 18 April 2022. Random-effects meta-analyses of standardized mean differences (Hedge’s g) were performed to analyze the data. Twenty-six studies of good and excellent methodological quality (based on the Pedro scale) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis results revealed caffeine has a small but evident effect size (ES) on handgrip strength (ES = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.52; p = 0.02), and total number of throws during the special judo fitness test (SJFT) (ES = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.78; p = 0.02). Regarding the physiological responses, caffeine increased blood lactate concentration ([La]) in anaerobic exercise (ES = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.29 to 2.18; p = 0.01) and simulated combat (ES = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.47; p = 0.002). For Heart Rate (HR), caffeine increased HR final (ES = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.52; p = 0.003), and HR 1min (ES = 0.20; 95% CI 0.004 to 0.40; p = 0.045). However, caffeine had no impact on the countermovement jump height, the SJFT index, the judogi strength-endurance test, the number and duration of offensive actions, HR at the end of the fight, and the rating of perceived exertion. Caffeine supplementation may be ergogenic for a range of combat sports aspects involving isometric strength, anaerobic power, reaction time, and anaerobic metabolism. However, supplementation effects might be ineffective under certain circumstances, indicating supplementation needs to take into account the performance metric in question prior to creating a dosing protocol.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Physical Performance, Physiological Responses, Perceived Exertion, and Technical-Tactical Skills in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…The results that caffeine consumption increased blood lactate levels compared with the placebo group are consistent with the results of a recent review [95]. Although this review explained that caffeine increases the blood lactate concentration, it is necessary to consider that caffeine ingestion is used to enhance an athlete's physical performance, and it could allow them to produce more intense efforts for a longer time.…”

Section: Effects Of Caffeine In Combat Sportssupporting

confidence: 83%

Nutritional Ergogenic Aids in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2022

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Nutritional ergogenic aids (NEAs) are substances included within the group of sports supplements. Although they are widely consumed by athletes, evidence-based analysis is required to support training outcomes or competitive performance in specific disciplines. Combat sports have a predominant use of anaerobic metabolism as a source of energy, reaching peak exertion or sustained effort for very short periods of time. In this context, the use of certain NEAs could help athletes to improve their performance in those specific combat skills (i.e., the number of attacks, throws and hits; jump height; and grip strength, among others) as well as in general physical aspects (time to exhaustion [TTE], power, fatigue perception, heart rate, use of anaerobic metabolism, etc.). Medline/PubMed, Scopus and EBSCO were searched from their inception to May 2022 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Out of 677 articles found, 55 met the predefined inclusion criteria. Among all the studied NEAs, caffeine (5–10 mg/kg) showed strong evidence for its use in combat sports to enhance the use of glycolytic pathways for energy production during high-intensity actions due to a greater production of and tolerance to blood lactate levels. In this regard, abilities including the number of attacks, reaction time, handgrip strength, power and TTE, among others, were improved. Buffering supplements such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and beta-alanine may have a promising role in high and intermittent exertion during combat, but more studies are needed in grappling combat sports to confirm their efficacy during sustained isometric exertion. Other NEAs, including creatine, beetroot juice or glycerol, need further investigation to strengthen the evidence for performance enhancement in combat sports. Caffeine is the only NEA that has shown strong evidence for performance enhancement in combat sports.

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Effect of isolated and combined ingestion of caffeine and citrulline malate on resistance exercise and jumping performance: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study

Haugen,

Vårvik,

Grgic

et al. 2023

Eur J Nutr

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Purpose The aim of this study was to explore the isolated and combined effects of caffeine and citrulline malate (CitMal) on jumping performance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and pain perception in resistance-trained participants. Methods Using a randomized and double-blind study design, 35 resistance-trained males (n = 18) and females (n = 17) completed four testing sessions following the ingestion of isolated caffeine (5 mg/kg), isolated CitMal (12 g), combined doses of caffeine and CitMal, and placebo. Supplements were ingested 60 min before performing a countermovement jump (CMJ) test (outcomes included jump height, rate of force development, peak force, and peak power), one-repetition maximum (1RM) squat and bench press, and repetitions to muscular failure in the squat and bench press with 60% of 1RM. Pain perception was evaluated following the repetitions to failure tests. The study was registered at ISRCTN (registration number: ISRCTN11694009). Results Compared to the placebo condition, isolated caffeine ingestion and co-ingestion of caffeine and CitMal significantly enhanced strength in 1RM bench press (Cohen’s d: 0.05–0.06; 2.5–2.7%), muscular endurance in the squat (d: 0.46–0.58; 18.6–18.7%) and bench press (d: 0.48–0.64; 9.3–9.5%). However, there was no significant difference between isolated caffeine ingestion and caffeine co-ingested with CitMal, and isolated CitMal supplementation did not have an ergogenic effect in any outcome. No main effect of condition was found in the analysis for CMJ-derived variables, 1RM squat and pain perception. Conclusion Caffeine ingestion appears to be ergogenic for muscular strength and muscular endurance, while adding CitMal does not seem to further enhance these effects.

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Effects of acute caffeine intake on combat sports performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 60 publications

Acute Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Physical Performance, Physiological Responses, Perceived Exertion, and Technical-Tactical Skills in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Acute Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Physical Performance, Physiological Responses, Perceived Exertion, and Technical-Tactical Skills in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutritional Ergogenic Aids in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Effect of isolated and combined ingestion of caffeine and citrulline malate on resistance exercise and jumping performance: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study

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