Effects of Additional Premedication on Romifidine and Ketamine Anaesthesia in Horses

Some Anaesthetic and Physiological Effects of Thiopentone Sodium in Goat Kids

“…Apnoea is a common character of Thiopentone anaesthesia (Hall et al, 2006), in this study apnoea occurred in all protocols tested and its duration was exaggerated to a significant levels when the protocol of TH + XY was used, this prolongation may be attributed to the effect of Xylazine which was reported to depress the respiratory system (Aithal et al, 1997) while the other pre anaesthetic medications used were known to have minimal effect on the respiratory system (Marntel andNyman, 1996. Muir andMasonen, 1982), the depressive effect of Xylazine on respiratory centres may potentiate the depressive effect exerted by Thiopentone sodium on respiratory centres hence the significant prolongation of the apnoea duration when this protocols compared with the other protocols used in the study.…”

Butorphanol induces anxiety-like ­behaviour and distress in piglets

“…Similar excessive locomotor activity was also observed in cattle treated with butorphanol, 2 whereas in horses, forward movement and excitation occurred. 15 In sheep, agitation, frequent distress vocalizations and tachypnoea were described. 14,19 Frequent vocalizations, severe panting and gasping were also observed in the present study.…”

“…The occurrence of such excitatory behaviour and behavioural changes has been described for cattle, 2 sheep, 2,13,14 and horses 15 and it typically has occured if butorphanol was administered to animals not in pain.…”

Recovery after General Anaesthesia in Adult Horses: A Structured Summary of the Literature

“…Together with acepromazine and alpha2-adrenergic agonists, opioids are used in the premedication to enhance sedation and provide analgesia in horses. Their use in premedication might affect recovery from general anaesthesia [73,77,80,82,84,93]. However, if any, only an influence on recovery time and not quality was shown [73,80,[83][84][85]93].…”

“…(4a) LoE premedication/sedation 1 (1) A comparison of romifidine and xylazine when used with diazepam/ketamine for short duration anesthesia in the horse [72] (2) Effects of additional premedication on romifidine and ketamine anaesthesia in horses [73] (3) Comparison of detomidine and romifidine as premedicants before ketamine and halothane anesthesia in horses undergoing elective surgery [74] (4) Clinical comparison of xylazine and medetomidine for premedication of horses [75] (5) Comparison of morphine and butorphanol as pre-anaesthetic agents in combination with romifidine for field castration in ponies [76] (6) The influence of butorphanol dose on characteristics of xylazine-butorphanol-propofol anesthesia in horses at altitude [77] (7) Dissociative anaesthesia during field and hospital conditions for castration of colts [78] (8) Influence of the combination of butorphanol and detomidine within premedication on the preoperative sedations score, the intraoperative cardiovascular situation and the early recovery period in horses [79] (9) Analgesic effects of butorphanol tartrate and phenylbutazone administered alone and in combination in young horses undergoing routine castration [80] (10) Comparison of acepromazine, midazolam and xylazine as preanaesthetics to ketamine-isoflurane anaesthesia in horses [81] (11) Buprenorphine provides better anaesthetic conditions than butorphanol for field castration in ponies: Results of a randomised clinical trial [82] (12) Effect of pre-and postoperative phenylbutazone and morphine administration on the breathing response to skin Incision, recovery quality, behavior, and cardiorespiratory variables in horses undergoing fetlock arthroscopy: A pilot study [83] (13) Analgesic and adjunct actions of nalbuphine hydrochloride in xylazine or xylazine and acepromazine premedicated horses [84] (14) Preemptive analgesia, including morphine, does not affect recovery quality and times in either pain-free horses or horses undergoing orchiectomy [85] (15) A preliminary study on effects of subanesthetic doses of preemptive ketamine given prior to premedication on total intravenous anesthesia for short-to medium-term surgical procedures in horses [86] (16) Effect of methadone combined with acepromazine or detomidine on sedation and dissociative anesthesia in healthy horses [87] (17) Comparison of xylazine and detomidine in combination with midazolam/ketamine for field castration in Quarter Horses [88] 2 (18) Comparison of romifidine and xylazine as premedicants before general anaesthesia in horses regarding the postsurgical recovery period [89] 3 / 4 (19) Evaluation of xylazine as a sedative and preanesthetic agent in ho...…”