Effects of Additions to SnO2 Thin Films

Abstract

The effects of adding Sb and In to pyrolytic SnO2 films were investigated. The large rise in resistivity for larger additions of Sb was studied using x‐ray diffraction, effects of heat‐treatment, determination of activation energy, and scanning electron microscopy. These results indicate that the rise is caused by a gradual loss of crystallinity and demonstrated the important effects of thermal history on the films' structure and electrical characteristics.

Buffer layer of antimony doped tin disulphide thin films for heterojunction solar cells

“…Hence, a continuous reduction in the resistivity was observed until the Sb concentration reached at 8 at%. Beyond 8 at% of Sb doping, a part of the Sb 5 þ ions was reduced to the Sb 3 þ state, resulting in the formation of acceptor state and a concomitant loss of carriers [21][22][23]. The formation of acceptor state increases the resistivity of the films.…”

Preparation and characterization of Ti/SnO2–Sb2O3–Nb2O5/PbO2 thin film as electrode material for the degradation of phenol

“…When this solid solution layer is in between the Ti matrix and the surface layer, it can strengthen the adhesive force of the surface layer which is favorable for improving the conductivity of this semiconducting material. A certain amount of Sb(V) doped in the SnO 2 crystal lattice can provide more electrons in the conduction band so that the resistance is decreased [32]. But over-doping can destroy the crystal lattice and decrease the conductance of SnO 2 .…”

Studies on structural and electrical properties of sprayed SnO2:Sb films

“…Hence, a continuous reduction in the sheet resistance is observed until the Sb concentration reaches 2 wt%. Beyond 2 wt% of Sb doping, a part of the Sb 5+ ions is reduced to the Sb 3+ state, resulting in the formation of acceptor states and a concomitant loss of carriers [26][27][28][29].…”

“…There exist a number of reports in the literature on the spray pyrolysis of stannic chloride-antimony trichloride (SnCl 4 -SbCl 3 ) mixtures, given its simple processing and economic advantages [3,9]. Attempts have also been made to use antimony pentachloride (SbCl 5 ) as the precursor for Sb [10,11]. However, very few reports concern the use of stannous chloride, SnCl 2 , which is inexpensive, as the tin precursor [12][13][14].…”