“…For the measurement of zeta potentials, the roots were cut from plants one by one, avoiding being intertwined with each other, carefully washed with deionized water to keep the integrity and alignment of roots, and then air-dried for the measurement of zeta potential. The streaming potential equipment developed by our research team ( Li et al., 2015 ) have successfully measured the zeta potential values of different plant roots ( Liu et al., 2016 ; Liu et al., 2017a ; Liu et al., 2017b ; Lu et al., 2018 ; Dong et al., 2020 ; Lu et al., 2020 ; Dong et al., 2021 ; Lu et al., 2021 ). Details of measurement and data analyses were presented by Lu et al.…”