Effects of adrenergic blocking agents and catecholarnines in human pregnancy

Barden, Tom P.; Stander, Richard W.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(68)90323-2

Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Norepinephrine, on the other hand, promotes an increase of uterine motility (15). It is also established that catecholamine levels tend to be elevated during stressful situations (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Relationship of the Manifest Content of Dreams to Duration of Childbirth in Primiparae

Winget

Kapp

1972

Psychosomatic Medicine

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This report compares manifest dream content during pregnancy with subsequent duration of childbirth in primiparae. One hundred pregnant women were screened in a prenatal clinic to rule out potential complications of labor due to mechanical causes or disease processes. Recent dreams obtained from 70 of these women were scored for anxiety, threat, hostility, motility and themes of pregnancy. The scoring of the manifest dream content was compared with the duration of subsequent childbirth as assessed by Friedman's criteria. Both anxiety and threat were significantly most frequent in the dreams of the short labor group (under 10 hours) and least frequent in the dreams of the prolonged labor group (over 20 hours). The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the function of dreaming as an adaptive mechanism for coping with an impending normal life crisis.The influence of psychologic factors on labor, and especially on the duration of childbirth in women having their first babies, has been investigated by obstetricians, psychologists and psychiatrists for many years (1-6). Fears and anxieties about the inevitable delivery and the new role of motherhood have been considered important contributing causes in prolonged labor in which mechanical or medical reasons are absent. The demonstration that the epinephrine blood level rises with fear and anxiety (7, 8) and that such increases interfere with uterine contractions (9) offers a possible mechanism to explain how such psychologic factors interact with and influence uterine physiology during labor.The assessment of the role of psychic conflict in childbirth is complicated because denial and repression are defense mechanisms used frequently by pregnant women to avoid facing their fears and anxieties. Cramond (10) described suppression and repression as typical characteristics of the "dysfunction temperament" in women with uterine dysfunction during labor. Kennedy (11) pointed out difficulties in eliciting and measuring anxiety, fear and tension in pregnant women which he hypothesized caused or contributed to the syndrome of inefficient uterine action during labor.In this study, we have used the dreams of pregnant women in an attempt to circumvent their defenses to obtain data on underlying fears and anxieties.Childbirth, with its ubiquitous concerns, provides a fertile soil for the action of psychogenic influences. The expectant mother's attitude toward her coming infant, her readiness for motherhood, her changing selfimage and her whole life situation contribute to the psychic influences on her delivery. Expectations and fears of childbirth are intensified with the beginning of labor, and previously existing psychic conflicts are often reactivated.

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“…Norepinephrine, on the other hand, promotes an increase of uterine motility (15). It is also established that catecholamine levels tend to be elevated during stressful situations (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship of the Manifest Content of Dreams to Duration of Childbirth in Primiparae

Winget

Kapp

1972

Psychosomatic Medicine

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“…,p-Adrenoceptor blocking drugs ((3-blockers) have been used, together with catecholamines to aid in the control of uterine contractions during pregnancy Barden & Stander, 1968). Coincident with their use in pregnancy, questions arise regarding the effects these 8-blockers may have on the foetus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action of several β‐adrenoceptor blocking drugs in the pregnant sheep and foetus

Truelove¹,

Petten²,

Willes³

1973

British J Pharmacology

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Summary The effect of several β‐adrenoceptor blocking drugs on the pregnant ewe and foetus were studied. Bunolol, butidrine, oxprenolol, propranolol and USVP65‐24 all crossed the ovine placenta and produced a β‐adrenoceptor blockade in the ovine foetus. AH3474, AY21011 and sotalol did not cross the ovine placenta as assessed by the absence of a β‐blockade in the foetus when these compounds were administered to the pregnant ewe. Of the β‐blocking compounds tested, only propranolol and oxprenolol produced a prolonged blockade in the foetus. The β‐blockade with propranolol was of 3 h duration in the ewe and 10 h duration in the foetus. Oxprenolol produced a β‐blockade of 3 h duration in the ewe and 8 h in the foetus. The β‐blocking drugs which did cross the ovine placenta were more soluble in organic solvents (ether, chloroform, corn oil and olive oil) than those which did not cross the ovine placenta.

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“…The main effects seen in the neonate are low birthweight (Reed et al, 1974;Oakley et al, 1979) possibly owing to inadequate perfusion of the fetal side of the placenta (Barden and Stander, 1968), hypoglycaemia and bradycardia (Habib and McCarthy, 1977;Cottrill et al, 1977), and respiratory depression (Tunstall, 1969). However, other workers have given r-adrenoceptor antagonists to pregnant women with no ill effects on mother or child (Tcherdakoff et al, 1978;Gallery et al, 1978;Dubois et al, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-hypertensive therapy with propranolol during pregnancy and lactation

Taylor

Turner

1981

Postgraduate Medical Journal

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Summary A hypertensive women was treated throughout pregnancy with propranolol 40 mg daily without complication. At delivery the umbilical cord plasma concentration was similar to that in the maternal venous plasma. Milk:plasma ratios were less than 1, although a higher ratio would be predicted. Estimated daily intake of propranolol in breast milk by the infant was about 3 micrograms. There appears to be no reason to advise women receiving propranolol to avoid breast feeding.

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Effects of adrenergic blocking agents and catecholarnines in human pregnancy

Cited by 36 publications

References 17 publications

The Relationship of the Manifest Content of Dreams to Duration of Childbirth in Primiparae

The Relationship of the Manifest Content of Dreams to Duration of Childbirth in Primiparae

Action of several β‐adrenoceptor blocking drugs in the pregnant sheep and foetus

Anti-hypertensive therapy with propranolol during pregnancy and lactation

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