Effects of Adult Neurogenesis on Synaptic Plasticity in the Rat Dentate Gyrus

Snyder, Jason S.; Kee, Nohjin; Wojtowicz, J. Martin

doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2423

Cited by 554 publications

(444 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Enhanced LTP that causes an increase in hippocampal neurogenesis has also been observed in several animal models [58,75]. Conversely, inhibition of neurogenesis leads to reduced LTP [71,76,77] (also, see the article by Shors and colleagues [60]). Hence, promoting the survival of newly generated neurons in the process of learning may be useful and effective to shift the neural population from the existing status, in which old neurons are tightly incorporated with each other, to a more flexible condition, with increased excitability and synaptic plasticity (Fig.…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Underlying the Contribution Of Adult Nementioning

confidence: 89%

Adult Neurogenesis and Hippocampal Memory Function: New Cells, More Plasticity, New Memories?

Kitabatake

Sailor

Ming

et al. 2007

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America

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Memory consists of several separate entities that depend on various brain systems [1]. Clinical and behavioral evidence suggests that the hippocampus and the surrounding anatomically associated regions serve a critical role in learning and memory [2]. In the 1960s, the outlines of the essential neural substrates of memory were gradually elucidated based on analyzing the effects of therapeutic surgical lesions of the bilateral medial temporal lobes to suppress uncontrollable epilepsy in a patient [3]. Although the operation was effective in controlling the patient's epilepsy, one unexpected consequence was that he became profoundly amnesic while retaining his intelligence and perceptual and motor functions. Similar cases were also seen in other patients with damage to the hippocampal formation and surrounding medial temporal lobe structures [4]. These individuals had severe amnesia for episodic events, although other forms of learning and memory-semantic, perceptual, procedural, and simple forms of conditioning-were spared. It is now believed that the hippocampal formation has a central role in declarative memory, the ability to recollect everyday facts and events consciously [5]. The unique anatomy, electrophysiologic characteristics, and key roles in memory formation have made the hippocampus an attractive target of research for neuroscientists.For decades, it was believed that neurogenesis only occurred during embryonic stages in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), making the brain one of the few mammalian organs incapable of replenishing its functional cell population throughout life [6]. In the 1960s, seminal studies by Altman and Das [7][8][9] provided the first evidence that new neurons were generated in the postnatal mammalian brain. In 1992, Reynolds and Weiss [10] isolated multipotent neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) from the adult rodent brain and characterized them in vitro. Studies in the 1990s confirmed that, contrary to long-held dogma, NSCs reside in the adult CNS and active neurogenesis occurs in discrete regions of the adult brain across various mammalian species, including mice, rats, monkeys, and humans [11][12][13][14]. Only recently has it been recognized that adult neurogenesis replicates the complex process of neuronal development to generate functionally integrated new neurons ( Fig. 1) [15][16][17]. A role for these postnatally generated cells in learning was first suggested by Altman and Das in the 1960s [7-9,18]. Later, Nottebohm [19] directly tested the role of * Corresponding author: shongju1@jhmi.edu (H. Song). HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript adult-generated neurons in song learning in birds. Subsequent work in rodents has led to the idea that adult neurogenesis is important for learning and memory of spatial information.The discovery of adult neurogenesis has generated significant interest, especially in regard to the hippocampus, not only for neuroscientists but for physicians who are engaged in treating various ...

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Section: Potential Mechanisms Underlying the Contribution Of Adult Nementioning

confidence: 89%

Adult Neurogenesis and Hippocampal Memory Function: New Cells, More Plasticity, New Memories?

Kitabatake

Sailor

Ming

et al. 2007

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America

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“…Neurogenesis in the adult brain is a dynamic process that can be influenced by internal and external events that also influence behavior (for reviews see (Carlezon et al, 2005;Crews and Nixon, 2003;Duman et al, 1999;Gage, 2002;Henn and Vollmayr, 2004;Kempermann, 2002;Ming and Song, 2005). In general, evidence suggests that new neurons in the adult brain contribute to synaptic plasticity (Snyder et al, 2001), as well as the general ability of the organism to adapt to changing circumstances (Kempermann, 2002). Thus, neurogenesis is a structural event that may have functional consequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abstinence following Alcohol Drinking Produces Depression-Like Behavior and Reduced Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice

Stevenson

Schroeder

Nixon

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

133

102

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Alcoholism and depression show high degrees of comorbidity. Clinical evidence also indicates that depression that emerges during abstinence from chronic alcohol use has a greater negative impact on relapse than pre-existing depression. Although no single neurobiological mechanism can account for the behavioral pathologies associated with these devastating disorders, converging evidence suggests that aspects of both alcoholism and depression are linked to reductions in hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we report results from a novel preclinical behavioral model showing that abstinence from voluntary alcohol drinking leads to the emergence of depressionlike behavior and reductions in neurogenesis. C57BL/6J mice were allowed to self-administer ethanol (10% v/v) vs H 2 O in the home cage for 28 days. Alcohol was then removed for 1 or 14 days, and mice were tested in the forced swim test to measure depression-like behavior. After 14 days, but not 1 day of abstinence from alcohol drinking, mice showed a significant increase in depression-like behavior. The significant increase in depression-like behavior during abstinence was associated with a reduction in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and doublecortin (DCX) immunoreactivity in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus indicating that both the number of proliferating neural progenitor cells (NPC) and immature neurons were reduced, respectively. The number of NPCs that were labeled with bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU) at the beginning of alcohol exposure was not altered indicating that survival of NPCs is not linked to abstinence-induced depression. Chronic treatment (14 days) with the antidepressant desipramine during abstinence prevented both the emergence of depression-like behavior and the reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis indicating that abstinence-induced depression is associated with structural plasticity in the hippocampus. Overall, the results of this study support the conclusion that profound functional (ie behavioral) and structural changes occur during abstinence from alcohol use and suggest that antidepressant treatment may alleviate some of these pathological neurobehavioral adaptations.

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“…Certain characteristics of synaptic plasticity are enhanced in adult-generated neurons and these characteristics may make them particularly useful for the processing of new associations. The induction threshold for LTP is lower for young granule cells in the DG and is also insensitive to GABAergic inhibition (Wang et al, 2000;Snyder et al, 2001;Ambrogini et al, 2004b;Schmidt-Hieber et al, 2004). Whether adult-generated cells retain these properties after they achieve maturity remains to be determined.…”

Section: How Might New Neurons Participate In Learning and Memory?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a link between adult neurogenesis and learning?

2006

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During the past several years, evidence has accumulated suggesting a relationship between newly born cells in the hippocampus and various types of learning and memory. However, most of the evidence is correlational and some of it does not agree. This review discusses both sides of this issue, considering the effects of learning on the production of new neurons in the dentate gyrus and the question of whether newly born cells participate in learning and memory.

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Effects of Adult Neurogenesis on Synaptic Plasticity in the Rat Dentate Gyrus

Cited by 554 publications

References 55 publications

Adult Neurogenesis and Hippocampal Memory Function: New Cells, More Plasticity, New Memories?

Adult Neurogenesis and Hippocampal Memory Function: New Cells, More Plasticity, New Memories?

Abstinence following Alcohol Drinking Produces Depression-Like Behavior and Reduced Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice

Is there a link between adult neurogenesis and learning?

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