Effects of age and age-related differences in auditory information processing on fluid and crystallized intelligence

Raz, Naftali; Moberg, Paul J.; Millman, Daryl

doi:10.1016/0191-8869(90)90027-o

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For this purpose, 100 male and 100 female adults were tested under controlled conditions. Since sensory sensitivity may be positively related to individual levels of intelligence (e.g., Acton & Schroeder, 2001;Burt, 1909Burt, -1910Deary, Bell, Bell, Campbell, & Fazal, 2004;Raz, Moberg, & Millman, 1990;Raz et al, 1987;Schweizer & Koch, 2003;Troche & Rammsayer, 2009) and musical experience (Seashore, 1919), measures of psychometric intelligence and musical background were also obtained.…”

Section: Brightness Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Sex-Related Differences in Auditory and Visual Sensory Functioning

Rammsayer

Troche

2011

Arch Sex Behav

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The present study was designed to elucidate sex-related differences in two basic auditory and one basic visual aspect of sensory functioning, namely sensory discrimination of pitch, loudness, and brightness. Although these three aspects of sensory functioning are of vital importance in everyday life, little is known about whether men and women differ from each other in these sensory functions. Participants were 100 male and 100 female volunteers ranging in age from 18 to 30 years. Since sensory sensitivity may be positively related to individual levels of intelligence and musical experience, measures of psychometric intelligence and musical background were also obtained. Reliably better performance for men compared to women was found for pitch and loudness, but not for brightness discrimination. Furthermore, performance on loudness discrimination was positively related to psychometric intelligence, while pitch discrimination was positively related to both psychometric intelligence and levels of musical training. Additional regression analyses revealed that each of three predictor variables (sex, psychometric intelligence, and musical training) accounted for a statistically significant portion of unique variance in pitch discrimination. With regard to loudness discrimination, regression analysis yielded a statistically significant portion of unique variance for sex as a predictor variable, whereas psychometric intelligence just failed to reach statistical significance. The potential influence of sex hormones on sex-related differences in sensory functions is discussed.

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Section: Brightness Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Sex-Related Differences in Auditory and Visual Sensory Functioning

Rammsayer

Troche

2011

Arch Sex Behav

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“…Among the different sensory modalities, the links between vision, audition and intelligence have been studied most often. At present, there are data documenting significant associations between intellectual functioning and basic indices of auditory and visual information processing, such as sensory speed (e.g., Deary, 1993;Deary, Caryl, Egan, & Wright, 1989;Deary, Head ,& Egan, 1989;Nettelbeck & Young, 1990;Raz & Willerman, 1985;Raz, Willerman, Ingmundson, & Hanlon, 1983), sensory discrimination (Irwin, 1984;Lynn, Wilson, & Gault, 1989;Raz, Moberg, & Millman, 1990;Raz, Willerman, & Yama, 1987;Watson, 1991) and sensory acuity (e.g., BaRes & Lindenberger, 1997;Lindenberger & Baltes, 1994;Salthouse, Hancock, Meinz, & Hambrick, 1996;Granick, Kleban, & Weiss, 1976). There is also some evidence for an increasingly strong connection between sensory and cognitive functioning as people age.…”

Section: Galton's Hypothesis and The Information-processing Approach mentioning

confidence: 99%

From good senses to good sense: A link between tactile information processing and intelligence

Jordanova

Lindenberger

1998

Intelligence

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Since the 1970s there has been an reemerging interest in Galton's (1883) senses-intelligence hypothesis. The essence of this hypothesis is the conceptual link between fine-tuned sensory functioning and superior intellectual ability. Several studies have investigated the sensory-cognitive link within auditory and visual modalities. In this study, the intersystemic relationship between sensory and cognitive functioning was extended to the tactile modality by examining the associations between three measures of tactile information processing and intelligence in a heterogeneous sample of middle-aged adults (N = 179; age range = 30-51). Two of the three tactile tasks measured discrimination ability (i.e., roughness discrimination and part-whole matching), whereas the third task measured tactile pressure sensitivity. Results from a series of analyses indicate that sensory measures from the tactile morality are at least as highly correlated with intellectual ability (r = .18 to .33) as measures of auditory (r =. 15) or visual (r = .20) acuity. All together, the three tactile measures accounted for 20.8% of the total variance in intelligence. The two tactile discrimination measures were found to be better predictors of intelligence than measures of simple sensory acuity.Galton (1883) proposed a potential association between intellectual ability and "the avenues of the senses". His original argument was that the more perceptive the senses are of differences, the wider the field upon which an individual's judgment and intelligence can Direct all correspondence to:

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“…The older adults also reported that they felt more alert in the morning than in the evening. Fluid cognitive abilities such as casual learning are also said to decline with age (Horn, 1982;Raz et al, 1990;Wang & Kaufman, 1993) and TOD (May & Hasher, 1998). Furthermore, May and Hasher (1998) found that TOD did not affect crystallised abilities such as vocabulary learning.…”

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confidence: 95%

Exploring Time of Day Effects on Mini-Mental State Examination Performance in Alzheimer's Disease and Age-Associated Cognitive Decline

et al. 2005

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N europsychological assessment plays a prominent role in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other cognitive impairments. Increasingly, neuropsychological test results are also used to guide clinicians in the prescription of anti-dementia medication. There is evidence to suggest that the cognitive ability of an individual with AD may vary over the course of a day. If time of day can influence an individual's performance on cognitive tests, then it could potentially affect his or her diagnosis and eligibility for treatment. This study set out to explore the effect of time of day on Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) performance in individuals with AD and Age-Associated Cognitive Decline (AACD). No significant effect of time of day (TOD) on Folstein MMSE performance was found. However, some interesting results were highlighted and future research suggested. Overall, the study does not provide evidence that time of day needs to be considered when interpreting the result of a short cognitive screening test.

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Effects of age and age-related differences in auditory information processing on fluid and crystallized intelligence

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

On Sex-Related Differences in Auditory and Visual Sensory Functioning

On Sex-Related Differences in Auditory and Visual Sensory Functioning

From good senses to good sense: A link between tactile information processing and intelligence

Exploring Time of Day Effects on Mini-Mental State Examination Performance in Alzheimer's Disease and Age-Associated Cognitive Decline

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