Effects of age and ambient temperature on the responses of infant mice to heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli: assay modifications

Moon, Harley W.; Fung, P Y; Whipp, S C; Isaacson, R.E.

doi:10.1128/iai.20.1.36-39.1978

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Selected strains of 0-1 and non-O-1 V. cholerae and V. fluvialis were used to compare the effect of whole culture and cell-free culture filtrates at 4 and 12 h post-administration into test animals. Purified CT diluted in TSB' (Sigma Chemical Co., 100 pg/ml) and E. coli H10407 capable of producing both heat-stable toxin (ST) and LT were used as positive controls (20). Sterile TSB' was employed as a negative control.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio factors cause rapid fluid accumulation in suckling mice

Nishibuchi¹,

Seidler²,

Rollins³

et al. 1983

Infect Immun

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Non-O-1 and 0-1 Vibrio cholerae and Vibriofluvialis isolated from clinical and environmental sources were examined for virulence factor production in 3-dayold suckling mice and in Y-1 tissue culture. The responses of the suckling mice to intragastrically administered bacterial cultures were measured by intestinal fluid accumulation (FA), diarrhea, and mortality. Regardless of the 0-serovar, source of isolation, or ability to produce cholera toxin, all strains of V. cholerae stimulated increased FA, which was measurable in the mice at 4 h postinoculation. The factor(s) causing these symptoms was found to be distinct from cholera toxin by the kinetics of FA and serological difference from cholera toxin based on in vivo neutralization tests. In most instances, FA was followed by high rates of mortality. Y-1 mouse adrenal tumor cell assays also showed that many V. cholerae produced extracellular heat-labile cytotoxic factor(s), and many cholera toxin-negative strains also caused a cytotonic-like morphological response. The majority of V. fluvialis strains produced smaller amounts of cytotoxic factor(s) but no cytotoxic reactions. The factor which stimulates rapid FA in suckling mice could be one of several virulence-associated factors contributing to diarrheal disease by nontoxigenic vibrios, but this is not verified at present.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrio factors cause rapid fluid accumulation in suckling mice

Nishibuchi¹,

Seidler²,

Rollins³

et al. 1983

Infect Immun

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“…Four strains of E. coli of swine origin were used: three enterotoxigenic strains-1261 (class 1, serotype 0138:K81), previously (14) designated 2176E8, P-16 (class 1, serotype 09:K103,987P), and 431 (class 2, serotype OO1:K30,K99), and one nonenterotoxigenic strain, 123 (serotype 043:K-). Enterotoxins and negative control material were cell-free supernatant fluids from Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems) cultures produced, stored, and diluted as described previously (14). These preparations were designated 431 BA, 1261 BA, P-16 BA, and 123 BA, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of enterotoxic activities of heat-stable enterotoxins from class 1 and class 2 Escherichia coli of swine origin

Whipp¹,

Moon²,

Argenzio³

1981

Infect Immun

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Pig small intestine develops age-dependent resistance to some (class 2 strains) enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli while remaining susceptible to others (class 1 strains). This study tested the hypothesis that class 1 and class 2 strains produce different subtypes of heat-stable enterotoxin (ST). The dose-response curves of small intestine to crude ST preparations from a class 1 and a class 2 strain were compared in several species. In infant mice, the class 1 ST preparation was less active than the class 2 ST preparation, whereas in rabbits the preparations were equally potent. However, in 1-, 7-, and 14-week-old pigs, the class 1 ST preparation was more active than the class 2 preparation. At low doses, both preparations caused reduced absorption in pigs of all three age groups, and at high doses the class 1 preparation caused secretion in all three age groups. In contrast, at high doses the class 2 preparation caused secretion in 1-week-old pigs but only reduced absorption in older pigs. When class 1 and class 2 ST preparations were fractionated by methanol extraction, in both cases the mouse-negative, pig-positive activity was associated with the methanol-insoluble fraction and mouse-positive, pig-positive activity was associated with the methanol-soluble fraction. The results are consistent with a hypothesis that class 1 and class 2 strains of enterotoxigenic E. coli produce different subtypes of ST and that the response of pig intestine to ST varies with both age and toxin subtype.

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“…All solutions except C and D were a modified Ringer solution. Solutions C and D were filtrates of an 18 hr trypticase soy broth culture of E. coli non-enterotoxigenic strain 123 and enterotoxigenic strain 431 which produces ST only prepared as previously described (Moon, Fung, Whipp & Isaacson, 1978). The activity of ST was titrated in infant mice; one mouse unit (m.u.)…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Escherichia coli heat‐stable enterotoxin, cholera toxin and theophylline on ion transport in porcine colon

Argenzio

Whipp

1981

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The effect of heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) of Escherichia coli, cholera toxin (CT), and theophylline (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) on ion and water transport was studied with an in vivo isolated loop system of the pig colon.2. All three agents abolished net Na absorption as a result ofa decrease in the lumen to blood Na flux alone. With all three agents, net Cl absorption was reduced, but not abolished, and net HCO3 secretion was elicited. Luminal Pco, was reduced with CT and theophylline from that observed in normal Ringer alone.3. Theophylline resulted in a prompt and sustained increase in both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP) levels in colonic mucosa studied in vitro. ST selectively elevated cyclic GMP, whereas CT selectively elevated cyclic AMP. These responses paralleled the time course and magnitude of response of the transepithelial electrical potential difference (V*LB) measured in vivo.4. Ion replacement studies in the presence or absence of theophylline showed that in the absence of Na, Cl absorption was slightly reduced and HCO3 secretion was elicited; no further additive effects of theophylline in the absence of luminal Na were observed. In the absence of luminal Cl, net Na absorption was abolished and HCO3 was absorbed; theophylline resulted in significant net Na and HCO3 secretion.

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Effects of age and ambient temperature on the responses of infant mice to heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli: assay modifications

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

Vibrio factors cause rapid fluid accumulation in suckling mice

Vibrio factors cause rapid fluid accumulation in suckling mice

Comparison of enterotoxic activities of heat-stable enterotoxins from class 1 and class 2 Escherichia coli of swine origin

Effect of Escherichia coli heat‐stable enterotoxin, cholera toxin and theophylline on ion transport in porcine colon

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