Effects of aging in salt spray conditions on flax and flax/basalt reinforced composites: Wettability and dynamic mechanical properties

Fiore, Vincenzo; Calabrese, Luigi; Bella, G. Di; Scalici, T.; Galtieri, G.; Valenza, A.; Proverbio, E.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.02.057

Cited by 58 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It can be ascribed to micromechanical transition due to the presence of an immobilized polymer layer surrounding flax and glass fibers. 56 As stated in our previous paper, 48 the tan δ curves of hybrid laminates should evidence two additional peaks (i.e., together with the main one related to the glass-transition temperature) due to the polymer layer surrounding the fiber surfaces (glass and flax fiber type). Therefore, in the hybrid configuration analyzed in the present paper, two different interfaces can be identified: that is, glass/matrix and flax/matrix interfaces.…”

Section: Flexural Testsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…In particular, the hydrophilic behavior is an intrinsic characteristic of lignocellulosic flax fibers, which are characterized by a multilayer structure (i.e., consisting of primary and secondary cell walls) that surrounds a central core, called lumen. Glass fiber composites, instead, evidenced a more stable hydrophobic behavior than flax laminates …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Glass fiber composites, instead, evidenced a more stable hydrophobic behavior than flax laminates. 48,49 Moisture causes larger degradation in polymer composites reinforced with lignocellulosic fiber than to synthetic fiber-reinforced composites due the organic nature of the natural fibers. Several papers evidenced the better stability in humid environmental conditions of glass reinforced epoxy composites than flax one: that is, flax composites absorb much more water than the glass composite 50 thus leading to greater reduction of the mechanical properties.…”

Section: Wettability Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Experimental assessment of the improved properties during aging of flax/glass hybrid composite laminates for marine applications

Calabrese

Fiore

Scalici

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The investigation for natural fibers composites in terms of performance, durability, and environmental impact for structural applications in marine environments is a relevant challenge in scientific and industrial field. On this context, the aim of this work is to assess the durability and mechanical stability in severe environment of epoxy/glass–flax hybrid composites. For the sake of comparison, also full flax and glass epoxy composites were investigated. All samples were exposed to salt–fog environmental conditions up to 60 aging days. Wettability behavior during time was compared with water uptake evolution to assess water sensitivity of hybrid composite configurations. Moreover, quasi‐static flexural and dynamic mechanical analysis were carried to evaluate as aging conditions, laminate configuration influence the surface and mechanical performances stability of the hybrid composites. The addition of glass fibers on flax laminate allows to enhance both flexural strength by 90%, and modulus by 128%, even if these properties are lower than those of full glass laminates. The results evidenced that the hybridization of flax fibers with glass ones is a practical approach to enhance the aging durability of epoxy/flax composite laminates in marine environmental conditions, obtaining a suitable compromise among environmental impact, mechanical properties, aging resistance, and costs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47203.

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Section: Flexural Testsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Wettability Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experimental assessment of the improved properties during aging of flax/glass hybrid composite laminates for marine applications

Calabrese

Fiore

Scalici

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Self Cite

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“…Despite the wide literature about the quasi-static properties, research concerning the evolution of the dynamic mechanical behavior of NFRPs under such critical environmental conditions [36][37][38][39] and mainly how fiber surface treatments can help these materials to retain their damping properties [40,41] is still limited to date.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Flax/Jute Fiber-Reinforced Composites under Salt-Fog Spray Environment

2020

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Over the last decades, natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPs) gained great attention in several engineering fields thanks to the reduction of the environmental impact and the end-of-life cost disposal. Unfortunately, the use of NFRPs is limited, mainly due to their weak resistance against humid environments. Since limited literature is available about the evolution of the dynamic mechanical response of NFRPs under aggressive environments, this paper aims to investigate the damping properties of flax, jute and flax/jute epoxy composites exposed to salt-fog up to 60 days. Furthermore, sodium bicarbonate fiber treatment was performed to improve the composites’ durability. The effectiveness of treatment was evidenced for full flax-reinforced composites, whereas no beneficial effect was found for jute composites. Moreover, treated hybrid laminates having outer laminae reinforced with flax showed better damping behavior than their hybrid counterparts during the whole aging campaign.

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“…As far as the fibers are concerned, here we deal with a hybrid fabric made of basalt and flax interwoven fibers in 2/2 twill structure. This class of reinforcements has gained over time an extraordinary interest in research, as their use in polymeric matrices can offer different possibilities from the triggering of synergisms to mechanical properties not exhibited by composite materials similar but reinforced with each of the two combined fibers, separately [16][17][18]. The mechanical performance of composite laminates obtained by film stacking is investigated in both static and dynamic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-Polyamide 11 Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Basalt/Flax Interwoven Fibers: A Tough Green Composite for Semi-Structural Applications

Russo

Simeoli

Vitiello

et al. 2019

Fibers

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Intraply hybrid green composites were prepared by film stacking and hot-pressing of bio-based polyamide 11 (PA11) sheets and commercial hybrid fabrics made by interweaving flax and basalt fibers (2/2 twill structure). Two matrices were considered, one of them containing a plasticizing agent. After preliminary thermal and rheological characterizations of the neat matrices, the laminates were studied in terms of flexural properties at low and high deformation rates, and the results were interpreted in the light of morphological analyses (scanning electron and optical microscopy). Despite the poor interfacial adhesion detected for all investigated composite samples, the latter exhibited a good combination of flexural strength, modulus, and impact resistance. Such well-balanced mechanical properties make the studied samples potential candidates for semi-structural applications, e.g., in the transportation sector.

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Effects of aging in salt spray conditions on flax and flax/basalt reinforced composites: Wettability and dynamic mechanical properties

Cited by 58 publications

References 49 publications

Experimental assessment of the improved properties during aging of flax/glass hybrid composite laminates for marine applications

Experimental assessment of the improved properties during aging of flax/glass hybrid composite laminates for marine applications

Dynamic Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Flax/Jute Fiber-Reinforced Composites under Salt-Fog Spray Environment

Bio-Polyamide 11 Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Basalt/Flax Interwoven Fibers: A Tough Green Composite for Semi-Structural Applications

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