Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health and Costs: Current Situation in São Paulo, Brazil

Santana, José Carlos Curvelo; Miranda, Amanda Carvalho; Yamamura, Charles Lincoln Kenji; Filho, Silvério Catureba da Silva; Tambourgi, Elias Basile; Ho, Linda Lee; Berssaneti, Fernando Tobal

doi:10.3390/su12124875

Cited by 34 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Additionally, animal skin is very poorly regarded by consumers, which favours the shift from gelatines obtained from these raw materials to that obtained from chicken feet. The adoption of this technology by the meat industry will result in an increase in their profits, making it economically advantageous for industries [44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Optimisation Of the Gelatin Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Computational Techniques to Obtain High-Quality Gelatin-Base Gels from Chicken Feet

Santana

Almeida²,

Costa³

et al. 2021

Polymers

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With the increasing global population, it has become necessary to explore new alternative food sources to meet the increasing demand. However, these alternatives sources should not only be nutritive and suitable for large scale production at low cost, but also present good sensory characteristics. Therefore, this situation has influenced some industries to develop new food sources with competitive advantages, which require continuous innovation by generating and utilising new technologies and tools to create opportunities for new products, services, and industrial processes. Thus, this study aimed to optimise the production of gelatin-base gels from chicken feet by response surface methodology (RSM) and facilitate its sensorial classification by Kohonen’s self-organising maps (SOM). Herein, a 22 experimental design was developed by varying sugar and powdered collagen contents to obtain grape flavoured gelatin from chicken feet. The colour, flavour, aroma, and texture attributes of gelatines were evaluated by consumers according to a hedonic scale of 1–9 points. Least squares method was used to develop models relating the gelatin attributes with the sugar content and collagen mass, and their sensorial qualities were analysed and classified using the SOM algorithm. Results showed that all gelatin samples had an average above six hedonic points, implying that they had good consumer acceptance and can be marketed. Furthermore, gelatin D, with 3.65–3.80% (w/w) powdered collagen and 26.5–28.6% (w/w) sugar, was determined as the best. Thus, the SOM algorithm proved to be a useful computational tool for comparing sensory samples and identifying the best gelatin product.

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Section: Optimisation Of the Gelatin Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Computational Techniques to Obtain High-Quality Gelatin-Base Gels from Chicken Feet

Santana

Almeida²,

Costa³

et al. 2021

Polymers

Self Cite

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“…Diesel engine is the most widely used, accounting for more than 80% of the global transportation industry, making an irreplaceable contribution to the development of society [3]. However, due to a lot of particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulfur oxides (SO x ), and other toxic or harmful substances produced by the diesel engine [4], people's health and atmospheric environment have been seriously threatened [5]. In addition, the NO x emission of diesel engine accounts for 70% of the total vehicle emission [6], which is the main pollution source leading to the formations of acid rain and chemical smog.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Diesel-Ethanol Dual Fuel Ratio on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine

Zhang

Tian

et al. 2021

Processes

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In this paper, a four-stroke engine diesel was employed to investigate the effects of different fuel mixture ratios of diesel and ethanol on engine performance and emission characteristics in terms of cylinder temperature, heat release rate, brake power, brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, and cylinder pressure. The corresponding simulation model of diesel engine was developed by AVL-Fire coupled CHEMKIN code, and an improved chemical kinetics mechanism containing 34 reactions and 19 species was employed to simulate the fuel spray process and combustion process. The simulation model was validated by experimental results under 100% and 50% load conditions and used to simulate the combustion process of diesel engine fueled with pure diesel and diesel–ethanol blends with 10%, 20%, and 30% ethanol by volume, respectively. The results showed that the increase of ethanol content in the blended fuel had a certain negative impact on the performance characteristic of diesel engine and significantly improved the emission characteristic of the engine. With the ethanol proportion in the blended fuel increased to 10%, 20%, and 30%, the brake thermal efficiency of the engine increased by 2.24%, 4.33%, and 6.37% respectively. However, the brake-specific fuel consumption increased by 1.56%, 3.49%, and 5.74% and the power decreased by 1.58%, 3.46%, and 5.54% respectively. In addition, with the ethanol proportion in the blended fuel increased to 10%, 20%, and 30%, the carbon monoxide emission decreased by 34.69%, 47.60%, and 56.58%, and the soot emission decreased by 7.83%, 15.24%, and 22.52% respectively. Finally, based on the combining fuzzy and grey correlation theory, nitrogen oxide emission has the highest correlation with engine power and brake-specific fuel consumption. The values reach 0.9103 and 0.8945 respectively. It shows that nitrogen oxide emission and cylinder pressure have a significant relationship on engine power and brake-specific fuel consumption.

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“…Particulates in the atmosphere emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources can be harmful to human health, widely ranging from respiratory illnesses (NO x , SO 2 , PM 2.5 , and O 3 ), to diminished delivery of oxygen to vital organs (CO), and to impaired cognitive and neurological capabilities (trace elements; e.g., Cd, As, and Pb) (WHO 2013;Guarnieri and Balmes 2014;Mason et al 2014;Karri et al 2016;Khaniabadi et al 2017;Huang et al 2018;Song et al 2018;Santana et al 2020). It has been known that any particulates finer than 10 μm, particularly those from finer than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), are potentially harmful because they are difficult to expel from lungs, and thus, they can accumulate in alveoli (Pope III et al 2002;Laden et al 2005;Downs et al 2008;IARC 2012;WHO 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental and isotopic compositions in blank filters collecting atmospheric particulates

et al. 2021

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Background The atmospheric particulates can be harmful to human health due to toxic substances sorbed onto particulates. Although the atmospheric particulates have been collected using different types of filters, few studies have reported background contents of major and trace element, and isotopic compositions in the blank filters used for collecting the particulates yet. Here, we first report background contents of major and trace elements, and isotopic compositions (Zn and Pb isotopes) in the blank filters. Then, we evaluate the best type of filter for elemental and isotope analyses in the particulates. Findings The contents of major elements are the lowest in the PTFE filter and become higher in the order of the Nylon, NC, and GF filters, indicating that either PTFE and/or Nylon filters are the most suitable for major element analysis in the atmospheric particulates. Likewise, the contents of trace elements are the lowest in the PTFE filter and become much higher in the order of the Nylon, NC, and GF filters, indicating that PTFE filter is the most suitable for trace element analysis in the atmospheric particulates. Otherwise, background elemental contents result in overestimating their concentrations in the atmospheric particulates. All δ66ZnJMC-Lyon values in two GF filters are within those from samples of the Chinese deserts and of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Likewise, their 206Pb/204Pb ratios are similar with those of samples from Xi’an and Beijing, indicating that the GF filter is not suitable for Zn and Pb isotope study in the atmospheric particulates. Conclusions This study suggests that the PTFE filter is the most suitable for elemental and isotope study in the atmospheric particulates and that the GF filter cannot be used for source identification in the atmospheric particulates using Zn and Pb isotopes.

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Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health and Costs: Current Situation in São Paulo, Brazil

Cited by 34 publications

References 59 publications

Combination of Computational Techniques to Obtain High-Quality Gelatin-Base Gels from Chicken Feet

Combination of Computational Techniques to Obtain High-Quality Gelatin-Base Gels from Chicken Feet

Effects of Different Diesel-Ethanol Dual Fuel Ratio on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine

Elemental and isotopic compositions in blank filters collecting atmospheric particulates

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