Effects of airway deformation and alveolar pores on particle deposition in the lungs

Jin, Yongjun; Cui, Haihang; Chen, Li; Sun, Kai; Liu, Zhe

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154931

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Important morphological factors include, but are not limited to, the oral cavity volume, mouth-throat curvature, pharynx constriction, and trachea diameter [ 57 , 58 , 59 ]. Moreover, the tracheobronchial (TB) region, middle lung, and acini (or alveolar region) should also be considered in future dosimetry uncertainty quantitation studies [ 60 , 61 ]. Structural variability or uncertainty in these regions not only affect the medication distribution; they themselves are the target of drug delivery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Nanoparticle Deposition from Tongue Morphological Variations

Yang,

Si,

2024

Life

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The human tongue has highly variable morphology. Its role in regulating respiratory flows and deposition of inhaled aerosols remains unclear. The objective of this study was to quantify the uncertainty of nanoparticle deposition from the variability in tongue shapes and positions and to rank the importance of these morphological factors. Oropharyngeal models with different tongue postures were reconstructed by modifying an existent anatomically accurate upper airway geometry. An LRN k-ω model was applied to solve the multiregime flows, and the Lagrangian tracking approach with near-wall treatment was used to simulate the behavior and fate of inhaled aerosols. Once the database of deposition rates was completed, a surrogate model was trained using Gaussian process regression with polynomial kernels and was validated by comparing its predictions to new CFD simulations. Input sensitivity analysis and output updateability quantification were then performed using the surrogate model. Results show that particle size is the most significant parameter in determining nanoparticle deposition in the upper airway. Among the morphological factors, the shape variations in the central tongue had a higher impact on the total deposition than those in the back tongue and glottal aperture. When considering subregional deposition, mixed sensitivity levels were observed among morphological factors, with the back tongue being the major factor for throat deposition and the central tongue for oral deposition. Interaction effects between flow rate and morphological factors were much higher than the effects from individual parameters and were most significant in the throat (pharyngolaryngeal region). Given input normal variances, the nanoparticle deposition exhibits logarithmical normal distributions, with much lower uncertainty in 100-nm than 2-nm aerosols.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Nanoparticle Deposition from Tongue Morphological Variations

Yang,

Si,

2024

Life

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“…In this study, namely, a 3D numerical model was established from the acquired CT image data of the upper airway of healthy subjects, and CFD methods were applied to conduct relevant experiments to simulate the real human upper airway environment. During the study, the deposition e ciency [21][22][23] was compared with the inertial parameter, i.e. da2×Q(µm2cm3/s) [16,21,22] , where Q and da represent inhalation ow and particle diameter, respectively (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that the particle deposition e ciency in this reconstructed model increased continuously as the activity intensity increased, i.e., the respiratory ow rate increased, and particles were also more likely to settle in the anterior segment of the nasal cavity, such as the nasal vestibule and the anterior aspect of the inferior turbinates; more deposition in the nasopharyngeal cavity during calm breathing and more particles escaped from the larynx. For the study of the effect of air ow rate on particle deposition, Koullapis et al [24] found that an increase in air ow rate leads to an increase in inertial collisions, which in turn leads to an increase in particle deposition; Jin [23] found that an increase in peak ow rate due to an increase in respiratory rate led to an increase in particle drag force and enhanced inertial collisions, which increased particle collisions with bronchial walls and deposition; Ahookhosh [25] chose ow rates of 30 L/min, 60 L/min, 90 L/min, and 120 L/min in an experiment to study the effect of different inhalation ow rates on particle deposition and found that particle deposition in the airway increased with increasing inhalation ow rate; Sosnowski [26] , on the other hand, veri ed that under no-ow conditions, due to the inertial effect of droplets, all sprays deposited mainly in the anterior part of the nasal cavity and in the nasal septum, accompanied by further inspiration of the patient, creating a secondary diffusion of the droplets deposited in the nasal cavity, thus allowing the droplets to be delivered deeper into the nasal cavity.…”

Section: De= (1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical study of particle deposition in the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities of healthy subjects

Yang

Sun

Tang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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To build a finite element numerical model of the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities in healthy subjects and analyze the particle deposition characteristics of the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities under different conditions, in order to investigate the influencing factors of particle deposition in the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities of healthy subjects from the perspective of biomechanics, and to provide reference for the potential predisposing factors of clinical nasal and nasopharyngeal diseases and transnasal drug delivery methods. The nasal multi-layer spiral CT data of a healthy adult male volunteer was collected, and a three-dimensional numerical model was reconstructed based on the obtained image data (the model included nasal cavity, nasopharyngeal cavity, and pharyngeal cavity), and then numerical simulations were performed for particle deposition under different airflow rate, particle size and particle density conditions. In the reconstructed model, the nasal threshold, the nasal vestibule, the anterior part of the inferior and middle turbinates, and the posterior wall of the nasopharyngeal apex are the most likely areas for particle settling. When the airflow rate was 30L/min and 60L/min, the deposition efficiency(DE) of the reconstructed model was more than 80% with different particle diameters and particle densities. When the particle diameter is 10um and 15um, the deposition efficiency of the reconstructed model can reach more than 90% under different airflow rate and particle density. When the particle density and airflow rate were constant, the deposition efficiency of particles in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx decreased as the particle diameter became larger. A numerical model of nasal and nasopharyngeal cavity biomechanics can be established to explore the important influencing factors of particle deposition in the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities from a biomechanical perspective. It was found that: 1. particle deposition mainly at the nasal threshold and nasal vestibule in the nasal cavity, and mainly at the posterior wall of the nasopharyngeal apex in the nasopharyngeal cavity; 2. airflow velocity, particle size and density all had effects on particle deposition rate, among which particle size had the greatest effect on particle deposition, followed by airflow rate, and the effect of particle density changes on particle deposition was not significant; 3. when particle density and airflow rate were constant, the smaller the particle diameter, the the more particle deposition in the nasopharyngeal cavity, the larger the particle diameter, the more particle deposition increases in the anterior part of the nasal cavity, and the less particle deposition in the nasopharyngeal cavity; 4. As the particle diameter increases, the particle deposition in this reconstructed model increases.

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“…Engineers and scientists have employed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to study the airflow, transportation, and deposition (TD) of medicinal aerosols and particulate matter in polluted air through the complex pathways of the human respiratory system. − The number of numerical studies conducted on unhealthy lungs in comparison to healthy lungs is less in the existing literature. CFD can assist researchers in understanding the flow physics of unhealthy lungs and how aerosols move within them for better treatment of pulmonary diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Treatment of Tumor in Upper Human Respiratory Tract Using Microaerosols

Riaz,

Munir,

Farooq

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Lung cancer is a frequently diagnosed respiratory disease caused by particulate matter in the environment, especially among older individuals. For its effective treatment, a promising approach involves administering drug particles through the inhalation route. Multiple studies have investigated the flow behavior of inhaled particles in the respiratory airways of healthy patients. However, the existing literature lacks studies on the precise understanding of the transportation and deposition (TD) of inhaled particles through age-specific, unhealthy respiratory tracts containing a tumor, which can potentially optimize lung cancer treatment. This study aims to investigate the TD of inhaled drug particles within a tumorous, age-specific human respiratory tract. The computational model reports that drug particles within the size range of 5–10 μm are inclined to deposit more on the tumor located in the upper airways of a 70-year-old lung. Conversely, for individuals aged 50 and 60 years, an optimal particle size range for achieving the highest degree of particle deposition onto upper airway tumor falls within the 11–20 μm range. Flow disturbances are found to be at a maximum in the airway downstream of the tumor. Additionally, the impact of varying inhalation flow rates on particle TD is examined. The obtained patterns of airflow distribution and deposition efficiency on the tumor wall for different ages and tumor locations in the upper tracheobronchial airways would be beneficial for developing an efficient and targeted drug delivery system.

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Effects of airway deformation and alveolar pores on particle deposition in the lungs

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Sensitivity Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Nanoparticle Deposition from Tongue Morphological Variations

Sensitivity Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Nanoparticle Deposition from Tongue Morphological Variations

Biomechanical study of particle deposition in the nasal and nasopharyngeal cavities of healthy subjects

Optimal Treatment of Tumor in Upper Human Respiratory Tract Using Microaerosols

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