1997
DOI: 10.1080/02791072.1997.10400168
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Effects of Alcohol and Other Drugs on Children

Abstract: Children are affected by alcohol and other drug use along three primary paths: in utero through the mother's use, environmentally through both family and community influences, and through their own use. Children who are prenatally exposed are put at risk both through physiological insults and through caregiving deficits in their immediate family. The number of cases of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) in the western world has been estimated at 0.33 cases per 1,000 live births; 200 babies are born with FAS per year… Show more

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Cited by 54 publications
(43 citation statements)
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“…Full-blown FAS together with all its partial presentations are collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) (11). The incidence of full-blown FAS is variable, ranging from 0.5 to 3.0/1000 livebirths (12), whereas partial presentations seem to be many times more frequent (13,14). Nevertheless, it is important to highlight that, to date, there is no consensus about which would be the maximum safe dose of ethanol that a woman may drink during pregnancy (2).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Full-blown FAS together with all its partial presentations are collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) (11). The incidence of full-blown FAS is variable, ranging from 0.5 to 3.0/1000 livebirths (12), whereas partial presentations seem to be many times more frequent (13,14). Nevertheless, it is important to highlight that, to date, there is no consensus about which would be the maximum safe dose of ethanol that a woman may drink during pregnancy (2).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Alcohol exposure later in pregnancy may affect pre-and post-natal growth [2][3][4][5], with the effect occurring principally by inhibiting the uptake of nutrients, thereby causing malnutrition [4][5][6][7]. Further, the effects of alcohol may be increased by social factors, as well as maternal smoking, where there is evidence that tobacco reduces fetal oxygenation as well as the levels of certain nutrients [8].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Young, 1997;Wachs, 1995). Incluemse neste grupo as doenças causadas por deficiên-cias vitamínicas ou minerais (Booth & Suttie, 1998;Nestlé, 1996).…”
Section: Cirrose Hepática E Osteoporoseunclassified