Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Plasma and Urinary Hormone Concentrations in Premenopausal Women

Reichman, Marsha E.; Judd, Joseph T.; Longcope, Christopher; Schatzkin, Arthur; Clevidence, Beverly A.; Nair, Padmanabhan P.; Campbell, William H.; Taylor, Philip R.

doi:10.1093/jnci/85.9.722

Cited by 344 publications

(195 citation statements)

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“…Experimental evidence among preand postmenopausal women provides additional support for the hypothesis. An intervention study among younger women found higher levels of oestrogens during consumption of two daily alcohol servings 4 . Alcohol exposure in postmenopausal women on oestrogen replacement therapy, a hormonal setting comparable to premenopausal status, led to a three-fold increase in serum E 2 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Alcohol and dietary fibre intakes affect circulating sex hormones among premenopausal women

Maskarinec

Morimoto

Takata

et al. 2006

Public Health Nutr.

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Background: The association of alcohol and fibre intake with breast cancer may be mediated by circulating sex hormone levels, which are predictors of breast cancer risk. Objective: To evaluate the relationship of alcohol and dietary fibre intake with circulating sex hormone levels among premenopausal women. Methods: A total of 205 premenopausal women completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline and after 2 years; blood samples taken at the same time were analysed for circulating sex hormone concentrations, including oestrone (E 1 ), oestradiol (E 2 ), free E 2 , progesterone, androstenedione and sex hormone-binding globulin, by radioimmunoassay. We used mixed models to estimate least-square means of sex hormone concentrations for alcohol intake categories and quartiles of dietary intake. Results: After adjustment for covariates, alcohol consumption was moderately associated with higher circulating oestrogen levels; those who consumed more than one drink per day had 20% higher E 2 (P trend ¼ 0.07) levels than non-drinkers. In contrast, higher dietary fibre intake was associated with lower serum levels of androstenedione (2 8% between the lowest and highest quartiles of intake, P trend ¼ 0.06), but not oestrogens. Similarly, consumption of fruits (2 12%, P trend ¼ 0.03), vegetables (2 9%, P trend ¼ 0.15) and whole grains (2 7%, P trend ¼ 0.07) showed inverse associations with androstenedione levels. Conclusions: The consistency of the observed differences in sex hormone levels associated with alcohol and fibre-rich foods indicates that these nutritional factors may affect sex hormone concentrations and play a role in breast cancer aetiology and prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Alcohol and dietary fibre intakes affect circulating sex hormones among premenopausal women

Maskarinec

Morimoto

Takata

et al. 2006

Public Health Nutr.

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“…23 Although these mechanisms have not been precisely determined, the involvement of ER-mediated 14,15,58 estrogen-dependent [16][17][18][19] mechanisms, and hormone-independent mechanisms [20][21][22][23] has been suggested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol consumption‐associated breast cancer incidence and potential effect modifiers: the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study

Suzuki¹,

Iwasaki

Inoue³

et al. 2010

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Epidemiological studies have evaluated whether the impact of alcohol intake on breast cancer risk is modified by use of exogenous estrogens, folate intake, body weight and smoking status, but results have been inconsistent. Further, effect modification by intake of isoflavones and alcohol-induced facial flushing, which are prevalent in Asian populations, have not been investigated. We investigated the association between alcohol intake and breast cancer risk and whether the association is modified by these factors among 50,757 premenopausal and postmenopausal women (aged 40-69 years) in the population-based Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Alcohol consumption and other related factors were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Through to the end of 2006, 572 patients were identified. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by hazard ratios derived from Cox proportional hazards regression models. Compared with never-drinkers, regular alcohol drinkers (>150 g of ethanol/week) had a higher risk of the development of breast cancer; the multivariable-adjusted RRs were 1.75 (95% CI 5 1.16-2.65; p trend 5 0.035) for overall, 1.78 (95% CI 5 1.09-2.90) for premenopausal and 1.21 (95% CI 5 0.53-2.75) for postmenopausal women. There was no statistical evidence for effect modification by menopausal status, use of exogenous estrogens, intakes of isoflavone and folate, body weight, alcohol-induced facial flushing or smoking (All p interactions ! 0.15). Excessive alcohol intake was associated with an increase in the risk of breast cancer in this population. There was no statistical evidence for effect modification.Alcohol-related carcinogenesis of the breast has been identified in a number of animal and epidemiological studies, and confirmed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) working group, 1,2 the Second Expert Report from the World Cancer Research Fund, 3 and meta-analyses. 4,5 Apparently consistent with this, the steep increase in the incidence of breast cancer in Japan over the last 3 decades 6 has coincided with an upward trend in alcohol consumption, 7 although other explanations may include increased height, early menarche, low birthrate or late first birth. [8][9][10][11] Nevertheless, a recent qualitative review 12 of 11 epidemiological studies conducted in Japanese women suggested that the association remains inconclusive, albeit that one prospective study in 35,844 women, including 151 cases, reported a positive association. 13 Proposed mechanisms of ethanol-associated breast carcinogenesis include both hormone-dependent 14-19 as well as hormone-independent carcinogenic pathways, such as the induction of carcinogenesis, mutagenesis and DNA damage by acetaldehyde, a toxic ethanol metabolite; reactive oxygen species and an effect on one carbon metabolism, which is involved with folate level and vitamin B intake. [20][21][22][23][24] Although the results of a meta-analysis 5 supported both pathways by showing a positive association for estr...

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“…41,42 Heavy drinking also has been linked to a high level of estrogen. 20,21 However, 53.9% of case mothers and 59.4% of control mothers reported alcohol consumption during the period 1 month before pregnancy to nursing, and 7.7% of case mothers and 9.0% of control mothers reported consumption of Ͼ 8 drinks per week. We observed no association of GCT with parental alcohol consumption, similar to an earlier study conducted by the Children's Cancer Group and the studies by Shu et al 8 and Johnson et al 10 In our study, only 4 case mothers and 1 control mother consumed Ͼ 14 cups per week during their first trimesters of pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of childhood germ cell tumors in association with parental smoking and drinking

Chen

Robison

Giller

et al. 2005

Cancer

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Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Plasma and Urinary Hormone Concentrations in Premenopausal Women

Abstract: This possible explanatory mechanism for a positive association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk merits further investigation.

Cited by 344 publications

References 0 publications

Alcohol and dietary fibre intakes affect circulating sex hormones among premenopausal women

Alcohol and dietary fibre intakes affect circulating sex hormones among premenopausal women

Alcohol consumption‐associated breast cancer incidence and potential effect modifiers: the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study

Risk of childhood germ cell tumors in association with parental smoking and drinking

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