Effects of alcohol intake on subjective and objective variables over a five-hour period

Ekman, Gösta; Frankenhaeuser, Marianne; Goldberg, Leonard; Bjerver, Kjell; Järpe, Gundla; Myrsten, Anna Lisa

doi:10.1007/bf00429361

Cited by 103 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…They found that the peak in self-report occurred before the peak BAC and that the aicohol effect declined more rapidly than the blood leveIs. This accelerated decline in alcohol effect was observed here and has also been noted in other studies (Ekman et al 1963(Ekman et al , 1964Kelley et al 1970;Myrsten et al 1979).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…A comparison of results shows that those obtained by Radlow and Hurst (1985) were very similar to those from the heavier drinkers in the present study. Similarly, Myrsten et al (1979) and Ekman et al (1963Ekman et al ( , 1964 found little difference in times to peak BAC and self-reported intoxication, as was the case with lighter drinkers in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

“…Ekman et al (1963Ekman et al ( , 1964 and Myrsten et al (1979) found that peak self-reported alcohol effect and peak BAC occurred at approximately the same time, while Radlow and Hurst (1985) noted that the former preceded the latter. Radlow and Hurst (1985) attempted to account for this inconsistency by questioning the magnitude estimation technique utilised by Ekman et al (1963). They suggested that instructions given to Ekman's subjects may have directed their attention to a later stage in alcohol effect, resulting in a later reported peak alcohol effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…White double that effect. Radlow and Hurst (1985) found that the peak subjective alcohol effect, as measured by magnitude estimation (Ekman et al 1963), occurred 24 min before the time of peak BAC. The alcohol-effect curve rose more sharply and peaked earlier than the BAC curve.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute tolerance to alcohol: changes in subjective effects among social drinkers

1989

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The development of acute tolerance to the subjective effects of alcohol was examined in 32 social drinkers. Measures were made of self-reported level of intoxication and responses to questions from the alcohol scale of the Addiction Research Centre Inventory. The time to peak self-reported intoxication level was found to be 20 min earlier than the time to peak blood alcohol concentration. Changes from the ascending to the descending limb of the blood alcohol curve were found with five of the ARCI questions. In all cases the proportion of alcohol-typical responses was lower on the descending portion of the curve, even though blood alcohol levels were equivalent. Further analyses examined the effects of prior drinking history on the development of acute tolerance. Peak self-reported intoxication levels were significantly lower and occurred earlier for heavier drinkers. Furthermore, for four of the five ARCI questions heavier drinkers were less likely to give an alcohol-typical response than lighter drinkers on the ascending portion of the curve.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute tolerance to alcohol: changes in subjective effects among social drinkers

1989

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“…Assessment of state of intoxication was done with magnitude estimation instructions (Ekman et al, 1963;Stevens, 1958Stevens, , 1961. The subjects were told to introspect on the feeling of intoxication when they first felt the effects of the drink, and they were to use this as a standard and assign it a numerical rating .…”

Section: Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of ethanol intoxication

Banks

Vogler

Weissbach

1979

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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This study shows that the subjective sense of intoxication produced by ethyl alcohol exhibits classical sensory adaptation. The subjects reported a degree of intoxication that increased with the level of blood alcohol at the time of the report. However, a given level of blood alcohol produced less intoxication when it followed a high blood alcohol level than when it followed a low one. This effect of a prior level of blood alcohol on the effect of a present one implies that the mechanism that mediates alcohol intoxication adapts much as do exteroceptive sensory systems. Data on one chronic alcoholic suggest that alcohol abusers may adapt more rapidly than nonabusers. This is a study of what could be cailed the "alcohol sense." The study points out an analogy between the sensation of intoxication produced by the ingestion of ethanol and the sensations produced by physical stimuli in the classical sensory modalities. Just as, for example, light energy produces sensations of brightness when applied to the retina of the eye in sufficient quantity, so does alcohol produce sensations of intoxication when present in the bloodstream in sufficient quantity.The object of this study is to follow up a consequence of this analogy. Since the alcohol "sense"-that combination of internal cues that allows a drinker to monitor his or her own state of intoxication-depends on sensory transducers, the sense should behave in some ways like the body's other sensory systems, which also all depend on transducers for information about the world . The principle of sensory behavior of interest in this report is adaptation. This sensory principle is both amenable to investigation and of interest for theoretical and practical (clinical) reasons (cf. Solomon & Corbit, 1974, who have developed a similar analogy). The present study seeks to determine whether one's perception of a state of intoxication (from alcohol) is influenced by effects of adaptation in the same general way that perception of fundamental stimulus properties is affected in classical modalities. A number of investigators have observed what appears to be adaptation to alcohol, but none we know of has systematically observed adaptation in subjective reports of intoxication in single sessions (cf. Ekman, Frankenhauser, Goldberg, Bjerver, Jarpe, & Myrsten, 1963 ;Goldberg, 1943;Hurst & Bagley, 1972). We feel that subjective reports of intoxication are an important subject of investigation because they provide our closest This research was supported partly by a Pomona College research grant and by grants from the National Science Found ation (BMS 75-20328) access to the subjective cues that govern drinking behavior in a single drinking session.We suppose that our sense of intoxication is mediated by a host of sensory and proprioceptive cues. To the extent that any of these cues comes from sensory systems that adapt, our ability to monitor our perception of our state of intoxication will be subject to adaptation effects. That is to say, the perception of the present state of int...

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Antagonism by alpha methyltyrosine of the ethanol‐induced stimulation and euphoria in man

Ahlénius

Carlsson

Engel

et al. 1973

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

152

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The effect of a-methyl-p-tyrosine (a-MT) pretreatment on ethanol-induced behavioral effects in man was studied using a crossover, double-blind design. Two dose-regimens of a-MT were used (4 x 1 gm and 4 x 0.5 gm, respectively, given 26,18,10, and 2 hours before the ethanol intake) in two separate experiments in 10 male subiects. The ethanol was administered orally as hard liquor (43%, vol/vol) in a dose of 50 ml every tenth minute for 40 minutes. The degree of general intoxication and certain other behavioral variables were rated by 3 nonintoxicated observers and by the subiects themselves, using a graded scale. Some obiective performance tests were also used. Pretreatment with a-MT caused a reduction of the ethanol-induced stimulation and euphoria as indicated by a significant decrease in the observers' ratings of alertness, talkativeness, elation, and happiness. Fatigue was significantly increased. These observations were supported by the subiects' own general annotations and, in part, by their own ratings. a-MT-pretreatment per se caused marked fatigue with mild dysphoria and a feeling of discomfort. It is suggested that central catecholamines may be involved in ethanol-induced stimulation and euphoria in man.

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Effects of alcohol intake on subjective and objective variables over a five-hour period

Cited by 103 publications

References 5 publications

Acute tolerance to alcohol: changes in subjective effects among social drinkers

Acute tolerance to alcohol: changes in subjective effects among social drinkers

Adaptation of ethanol intoxication

Antagonism by alpha methyltyrosine of the ethanol‐induced stimulation and euphoria in man

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