Effects of an industrial graphene grade and surface finishing on water and oxygen permeability, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) multilayered cast films

Ferreira, Joana; Moghimian, Nima; Gutiérrez, Giovanna; Helal, Emna; Ajji, Abdellah; Barra, Guilherme Mariz de Oliveira; Demarquette, Nicole R.

doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.103470

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…FLG's ability to slow down the diffusion of oxygen reduces the creation of polymer peroxy radicals, which are key intermediates in the oxidation reaction and consequently impedes the propagation step. In a recent study, Ferreira et al 43 investigated the effect of adding FLG on the oxygen permeability of a multilayer HDPE composite. They used FLG with a similar lateral size as in this study and found that the addition of just 0.5 wt% FLG resulted in an 18% reduction in the oxygen permeability of the composite material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo‐stabilization mechanisms of High‐Density Polyethylene (HDPE) by a commercial few‐layer graphene

Karimi,

Helal,

Gutierrez

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This work studied few‐layer graphene (FLG) dominant action mechanisms as a photo‐stabilizer. High‐density polyethylene (HDPE) containing 0–0.5 wt% FLG were exposed to UVA radiation in a QUV chamber, according to ASTM G154 for different exposure times, ranging from 0 to 672 h. The chemical, rheological, and mechanical properties were tracked using attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR), rheological measurements, and tensile tests. The experimental results showed that the addition of only 0.25 wt% FLG fully stabilized 1‐ to 3‐mm thick HDPE for an exposure time of 672 h. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) test was performed on the UV‐exposed mixture of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the FLG aqueous suspensions (0, 0.2, 1, and 5 mg/mL), to study the FLG performance and mechanisms as a photo‐stabilizer. The results showed that FLG effectively decreased the characteristic EPR signal intensity due to both UV absorption/reflection and free radical scavenging. Fifty‐seven percent of the reduction was found to be due to UV absorption/reflection and 43% due to free radical scavenging. It is demonstrated that UV absorption/reflection and free radical scavenging are the dominant ones among the three FLG photo‐stabilizing mechanisms (UV absorption/reflection, free radical scavenging, and physical barrier to oxygen).Highlights FLG showed potential as a photo‐stabilizer for HDPE. Addition of 0.25 wt% FLG fully stabilized HDPE for 672 h of UVA exposure. FLG demonstrated UV absorption/reflection and free radical scavenging effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo‐stabilization mechanisms of High‐Density Polyethylene (HDPE) by a commercial few‐layer graphene

Karimi,

Helal,

Gutierrez

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…Nevertheless, due to a worsening dispersion within the composite, barrier and mechanical characteristics deteriorated as the graphene percentage rose. [ 245 ]…”

Section: Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, due to a worsening dispersion within the composite, barrier and mechanical characteristics deteriorated as the graphene percentage rose. [245] 6 | ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES Many processes can be responsible for EC in polymer nanocomposites. However, the most crucial ones are ohmic conduction, which results from the direct contact of conductive nanofillers, and tunneling conduction, which happens when electrons can travel through a thin insulating barrier.…”

Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

From two‐dimensional materials to polymer nanocomposites with emerging multifunctional applications: A critical review

et al. 2023

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2D materials are a very up-and-coming class of additives in the field of polymer composites due to their versatility and exceptional intrinsic properties. This enables researchers to create a variety of nanocomposites that can be employed in a myriad of emerging multifunctional applications. The performance of such nanocomposites depends heavily on the quality of the 2D materials, their interactions with the polymer matrix, as well as on their dispersion and morphology when embedded in the polymer. In order to control these variables, one needs to choose wisely between the available synthesis techniques and mixing strategies, playing with the process-structure-property relationships, while keeping in mind the compatibility with current industrial infrastructure. Therefore, this paper presents a brief review on the 2D materials most used in polymer nanocomposites, the main synthesis techniques and mixing routes developed, the state of the art on the most sought-after properties in different systems, and what are the effects of the morphology evolution. In each section, the main challenges are highlighted, and possible strategies to overcome them are presented, for example,

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“…Concomitantly, graphene, a carbon-based material, is gaining attention as a prospective photostabilizer due to the presence of π bonds and two-dimensional (2D) geometry [8]. The chemical structure enables graphene to absorb light in the UV region, through π → π*transitions [22,23], while the 2D structure allows it to act as a physical barrier to small molecules [24][25][26]. Additionally, a recent study has confirmed that few-layer (6 to 10 layers) graphene (FLG) does not have the same adverse dermal, inhalation, and gene toxicity effects that are well-known for other nanocarbons [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of a Commercial Few-Layer Graphene on the Photodegradation Resistance of a Waste Polyolefins Stream and Prime Polyolefin Blends

Sultana,

Helal,

Gutiérrez

et al. 2024

Recycling

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This work investigated the photostabilizing role of a commercially available few-layer graphene (FLG) in mixed polyolefins waste stream (MPWS), ensuring extended lifespan for outdoor applications. The investigation was conducted by analyzing carbonyl content increase, surface appearance, and the retention of mechanical properties of UV-exposed MPWS/FLG composites. Despite the likely predegraded condition of MPWS, approximately 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% of the original ductility was retained in composites containing 1, 4, 7, and 10 wt.% FLG, respectively. Conversely, just 20% of the original ductility was retained in unfilled MPWS. Additionally, less crack density and lower carbonyl concentrations of the composites also highlighted the photoprotection effect of FLG. For prime polyolefin blends, only 0.5 wt.% or 1 wt.% FLG was sufficient to preserve the original surface finishing and protect the mechanical properties from photodegradation. Hence, it was observed that MPWS requires more FLG than prime polyolefin blends to get to comparable property retention. This could be attributed to the poor dispersion of FLG in MPWS and inevitable uncertainties such as the presence of impurities, pre-degradation, and polydispersity associated with MPWS. This study outlines a potential approach to revalorize MPWS that possess a minimal intrinsic value and would otherwise be destined for landfill disposal.

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Effects of an industrial graphene grade and surface finishing on water and oxygen permeability, electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) multilayered cast films

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Photo‐stabilization mechanisms of High‐Density Polyethylene (HDPE) by a commercial few‐layer graphene

Photo‐stabilization mechanisms of High‐Density Polyethylene (HDPE) by a commercial few‐layer graphene

From two‐dimensional materials to polymer nanocomposites with emerging multifunctional applications: A critical review

The Influence of a Commercial Few-Layer Graphene on the Photodegradation Resistance of a Waste Polyolefins Stream and Prime Polyolefin Blends

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