Effects of Anonymity on Antisocial Behavior Committed by Individuals

Nogami, Tatsuya; Takai, Jiro

doi:10.2466/pr0.102.1.119-130

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The online experiment and the use of coin‐flip were designed to make all participants highly anonymous toward the experimenter in an artificial experimental setting. Consistent with past research (Nogami, 2009; Nogami & Takai, 2008; Nogami & Yoshida, in press), the observed chance of winning the reward statistically deviated from the expected chance only in the self‐reward condition, supporting Hypothesis 1.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In the same vein, Nogami and Takai (2008) employed a die‐rolling method in order to refine the effects of anonymity on voluntary rule‐breaking in the individual situation. They found that the traditional anonymity (concealing the participant's identifiable information) did not increase the frequency of rule‐breaking whereas a more careful manipulation of anonymity (making the participant unaccountable for rule‐breaking) did so.…”

Section: Drawbacks Of Manipulations Of Anonymity In Past Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in past relevant research, it artificially creates an anonymous situation. Nonetheless, notwithstanding all the findings related to the effects of anonymity on human behavior, recent studies have pointed out that anonymity was not appropriately manipulated in past research (Moshagen, Hilbig, & Musch, 2011; Nogami, 2009; Nogami & Takai, 2008). Therefore, in order to replicate a higher degree of anonymity in artificial experimental situations, the present study also pays particular attention to the manipulation of anonymity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rule‐breaking in an anonymous situation: When people decide to deviate from existing rules

Nogami

Yoshida

2013

Int J Psychol

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The present study examined how soon people would make a decision to break existing rules in an anonymous situation, with particular attention paid to the degree of anonymity. A total of 100 participants were randomly assigned to either a self-reward condition or an other-reward condition, in both of which they were asked to flip a coin twice in each of the four coin-flip trials to win the assigned reward. As predicted, the results showed that only participants in the self-reward condition broke the assignment rules for obtaining the reward, and they only did so in the very last coin-flip trial. In sum, the present findings suggest that people do not break existing rules for material gain as soon as they become anonymized, but some may do so at the very last moment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Drawbacks Of Manipulations Of Anonymity In Past Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rule‐breaking in an anonymous situation: When people decide to deviate from existing rules

Nogami

Yoshida

2013

Int J Psychol

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“…The principle differences between traditional bullying and cyberbullying are an increase in the degree of anonymity and the size of the audience. Anonymity, which is the absence of identifiability and accountability (Nogami & Takai, ), has been found to facilitate antisocial behavior (Mathes & Guest, ) and reduce helping behaviors (Solomon, Solomon, & Maiorca, ). Juvonen and Gross () reported that 27% of children were not “pretty sure” or “totally sure” about the identity of their cyberbully.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Peer Attachment and Normative Beliefs About Aggression on Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying

Burton

Florell

Wygant

2012

Psychology in the Schools

158

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This study examined the effects of normative beliefs about aggression and peer attachment on traditional bullying, cyberbullying, and both types of victimization. Cyberbullying departs from traditional forms of bullying in that it is through forms of technology, such as the Internet, which increases situational anonymity. Eight hundred fifty students in Grades 6 through 8 completed a survey that assessed normative beliefs about aggression, peer attachment, and traditional bullying and cyberbullying behaviors, which suggested that students who are involved with traditional bullying are also involved in cyberbullying. Adolescents with higher normative beliefs about aggression are more likely to be traditional bullies, traditional victims, cyberbullies, and cybervictims. Additionally, peer attachment was found to be negatively associated with both types of bullying and victimization. Implications and future directions are discussed.

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“…12 Hoffman, et al (1994), Burnham (2003), and Nogami and Takai (2008). 13 Note that our research differs from Rustichini (2000a, 2000b) in that, while they consider the effect of changing a price from zero to a positive price, differentiating between social transactions and market transactions, we consider only zero prices.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-Free Goods and Social Norms: The Effects of Quantity Restrictions and Scrutiny

2015

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. In this paper we consider the effect of quantity restrictions and scrutiny on the consumption of quasi-free goods. A good is quasi-free if it is zero priced, but it is consumed in the context of a social setting (e.g., as an employee, client, friend, etc.). Examples include cookies at a picnic, candies in a doctor's office, and perks offered to workers such as free soft drinks. Casual observation, including initial experience with unlimited vacation policies by some major companies (Evernote, IBM, Bestbuy), suggests that placing limitations on consumption can lead to an increase in the level of consumption of such goods, while removing existing limitations (as in the case of vacations) may result in a decrease in consumption. We attribute this to the consumer's perceptions about the social norm and how this perception is affected by the presence of a quantity restriction. In this paper we develop a simple model of quasi-free goods consumption showing the effect of a quantity restriction and of observability of the consumer's actions, and then test the model in a field experiment. The results clearly show that allowing unlimited consumption leads to less consumption, however, such behavior all but disappears when the subjects' choices are unobserved, including by the experimenter. This suggests that consumers are more concerned with how they are perceived by others than with self-image concerns. Terms of use: Documents in

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Effects of Anonymity on Antisocial Behavior Committed by Individuals

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Rule‐breaking in an anonymous situation: When people decide to deviate from existing rules

Rule‐breaking in an anonymous situation: When people decide to deviate from existing rules

The Role of Peer Attachment and Normative Beliefs About Aggression on Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying

Quasi-Free Goods and Social Norms: The Effects of Quantity Restrictions and Scrutiny

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