Effects of Antibiotics and Saccharomyces boulardii on Bacterial Translocation in Burn Injury

Herek, Özkan; Kara, İnci; Kaleli, İlknur

doi:10.1007/s00595-003-2677-1

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As described by Berg (1995), translocation to liver could occur via intracellular passage (lymphatic route, via lymph nodes) or extracellular passage (vascular route, due to physical damage to the intestinal epithelium). Reduced levels of translocation have been also observed in various animal models (burn injury, liver injury, experimental immunosuppression, abdominal infection) using probiotic products based on bacteria (Chiva et al, 2002;Gun et al, 2005) and yeast (Peret et al, 1998;Herek et al, 2004). It seems that all the components of the host immune systemincluding mucosal, cell-mediated and humoral immunities -are involved in controlling bacterial translocation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 905 reduces the translocation of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and stimulates the immune system in gnotobiotic and conventional mice

Martins

Rodrigues²,

Tiago

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Previous results in the laboratory of the authors showed that Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 905, isolated during 'cachaç a' production, was able to colonize and survive in the gastrointestinal tract of germ-free and conventional mice, and to protect these animals against oral challenge with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium or Clostridium difficile. In the present work, the effects of S. cerevisiae 905 on the translocation of Salm. Typhimurium (mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, spleen, liver) as well as on the immune system (number of Kü pffer cells, immunoglobulin production, clearance of Escherichia coli B 41 ) were evaluated in gnotobiotic and/or conventional mice. The treatment with the yeast reduced significantly the translocation of Salm. Typhimurium to liver in gnotobiotic animals and to all the organs tested in conventional mice. The number of Kü pffer cells per 100 hepatocytes in liver was significantly higher (P<0.05) in yeast mono-associated mice (52.9±15.7) than in germ-free controls (38.1±9.0). Probably as a consequence, clearance of E. coli B 41 from the bloodstream was more efficient in yeast mono-associated animals when compared to germ-free mice. Higher levels (P<0.05) of secretory IgA in intestinal content and of IgA and IgM in serum were observed in yeast mono-associated mice when compared to germ-free group. Concluding, the protection against pathogenic bacteria observed in a previous study was probably due to a modulation of both local and systemic immunity of mice treated with S. cerevisiae 905. INTRODUCTIONProbiotics are defined as live micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit to the host (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations & World Health Organization, 2002). These microorganisms are widely used in pharmaceutical preparations and fermented dairy products. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria are typically found in probiotic products for humans, as well as some yeasts such as Saccharomyces boulardii.S. boulardii, a non-pathogenic yeast, was isolated from lychee fruit in Indochina and grows at the unusually high temperature of 37 uC (McFarland & Bernasconi, 1993). It has been used for the treatment of different types of diarrhoeal diseases, such as antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (Bartlett, 1992;McFarland et al., 1995;Surawicz, 2003), Clostridium difficile-associated intestinal disease (Elmer et al., 1999;Surawicz et al., 2000;Surawicz, 2003), traveller's diarrhoea (Scarpignato & Rampal, 1995) and diarrhoea in HIV-infected patients (Born et al., 1993).Many mechanisms of action have been proposed to explain S. boulardii protection and they have been summarized by et al., 2004). This leads to the question whether other strains of Saccharomyces, as well as S. boulardii, possess biotherapeutic properties. Brazil is well known for its rich biodiversity in terms of animal, vegetal and microbial species, and yeast with probiotic properties certainly could be screened from Brazilian environmental and agroindustrial sources. ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 905 reduces the translocation of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and stimulates the immune system in gnotobiotic and conventional mice

Martins

Rodrigues²,

Tiago

et al. 2007

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…BT is caused and enhanced by hemorrhagic shock, burn injury, intestinal obstruction, total parenteral nutrition, antibiotic therapy, malnutrition and trauma [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]. Physiopathological events causing BT have not yet been fully elucidated, but three major mechanisms have been proposed to explain this process: (1) bacterial overgrowth; (2) impairment in host immune defenses, and (3) increased permeability of the intestinal mucosal barrier [5, 6, 16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Rigid Bronchoscopy Induce Bacterial Translocation?

Özkurt

Herek²,

Atalay³

et al. 2005

Respiration

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Background: Although some reports suggest that bronchoscopy induces bacterial translocation (BT), the mechanisms of BT remain unclear. Objective: We aimed to assess whether bronchoscopy or hypoxemia during bronchoscopy is responsible for BT. Methods: We evaluated 24 rats divided into three subgroups: the control group (group 1, n = 8); the rigid bronchoscopy group (group 2, n = 8), and the group receiving bronchoscopy + mechanical ventilation (group 3, n = 8). Oxygen saturation (SaO₂) was measured during the bronchoscopic procedure. Blood and tissue cultures from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), liver, spleen and cecal contents were obtained 24 h following bronchoscopy. Results: In group 2, SaO₂ was significantly lower than in groups 1 and 3 (p < 0.01). In group 2, BT significantly increased (6/8, 75%; p < 0.01 vs. group 1, and p < 0.05 vs. group 3). The main site of translocation was MLNs (6/8, 75%) in group 2, while BT was detected in only 1 rat in group 3 (1/8, 12.5%). Conclusion: Hypoxemia during rigid bronchoscopy resulted in intestinal mucosal damage in a rat model. Hypoxemia may have been the trigger for BT from the intestine following bronchoscopy.

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“…21 S. boulardii has been used in the treatment of intestinal disorders in recent studies. [22][23][24][25] Berg et al 19 reported that bacterial translocation is caused by oral antibiotics due to the disruption of the gastrointestinal ecological equilibrium, leading to intestinal overgrowth. However, they also reported that S. boulardii is widely used as a probiotic which decreases the incidence of Candida albicans translocation to the MLNs, liver, and kidneys.…”

Section: Table 2 the Average Of Serum Bilirubin Alt Ast And Alp Valmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on Bacterial Translocation in Rats with Obstructive Jaundice

Geyik

Aldemir

Hoşoğlu

et al. 2006

annals

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INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces boulardii treatment on preventing bacterial translocation in an obstructive jaundice animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty adult rats were divided into five groups: group 1 -the sham-operated group; group 2 -the common bile duct ligation group; group 3 -the S. boulardii group; group 4 -the ampicillin-sulbaktam group; and group 5 -the S. boulardii plus ampicillin-sulbaktam group. The saline, antibiotics and S. boulardii were given, respectively, for a 7-day period as a single dose per day via temporary orogastric intubation. Seven days following the obstructive jaundice, the animal had laparatomy under sterile conditions. Segments of ileum were removed for histopathological examination. Blood, liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were taken for microbiological culture. RESULTS Bacterial translocation rates were 0% in the sham-operated group, 83% in group 2, 42% in group 3, 42% in group 4 and 33% in group 5. Bacterial translocation significantly increased in group 2 compared to groups 3, 4 and 5 (P = 0.001). The bacterial counts (CFU/g) of group 2 were significantly higher than those of groups 3, 4 and 5 (P = 0.001). Histopathological examination of ileum specimens revealed a significant decrease in the heights of villi in groups 2-5 compared to the sham-operated group (P = 0.001). The mean villus height in groups 3 and 5 was significantly higher than that of group 4 (P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONS S. boulardii was found to be effective in the successful control of translocation and improvement of intestinal barrier function.

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Effects of Antibiotics and Saccharomyces boulardii on Bacterial Translocation in Burn Injury

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 905 reduces the translocation of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and stimulates the immune system in gnotobiotic and conventional mice

Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 905 reduces the translocation of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and stimulates the immune system in gnotobiotic and conventional mice

Does Rigid Bronchoscopy Induce Bacterial Translocation?

The Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on Bacterial Translocation in Rats with Obstructive Jaundice

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