Effects of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites on Cardiovascular Health and Disease

Zhou, Yan; Khan, Haroon; Xiao, Jianbo; Cheang, Wai San

doi:10.3390/ijms222112029

Cited by 103 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…On the other hand, resveratrol improved endothelial function by activating the PI3K/Akt/eNOs/PPARγ pathway in HFD-induced diabetic mice, accompanied by up-regulation of PPARδ [202]. In the general diet, arachidonic acid from chicken, milk, fish, and beef is beneficial for improving cardiovascular function, such as anti-atherosclerosis, regulating blood pressure, and maintaining vasodilation [203]. Omega3 and omega6 are polyunsaturated fatty acids that reported to increase NO availability more than arachidonic acid in HUVECs [204].…”

Section: Other Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Vascular Complications of Diabetes: Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants and Food

Tan

Cheong

Cheang

2022

Oxygen

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The rising prevalence of chronic metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, most notably associated with cardiovascular diseases, has emerged as a major global health concern. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play physiological functions by maintaining normal cellular redox signaling. By contrast, a disturbed balance occurring between ROS production and detoxification of reactive intermediates results in excessive oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is a critical mediator of endothelial dysfunction in obesity and diabetes. Under a hyperglycemic condition, the antioxidant enzymes are downregulated, resulting in an increased generation of ROS. Increases in ROS lead to impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations by reducing NO bioavailability. Chronic treatments with antioxidants were reported to prevent the development of endothelial dysfunction in diabetic patients and animals; however, the beneficial effects of antioxidant treatment in combating vascular complications in diabetes remain controversial as antioxidants do not always reverse endothelial dysfunction in clinical settings. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in research focused on the role of ROS in vascular complications of diabetes and the antioxidant properties of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants and food in animal experiments and clinical studies to provide insights for the development of therapeutic strategies.

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Section: Other Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Vascular Complications of Diabetes: Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants and Food

Tan

Cheong

Cheang

2022

Oxygen

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“…For example, ω-3 PUFAs α linolenic acid can be converted into docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and prostaglandin ( 45 ). While biologically active derivatives of the ω-6 PUFAs arachidonic acid (AA) include PGs, thromboxane, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids and LTs ( 16 , 17 , 46 , 47 ). It is reported that dietary supplementation with EPA and DHA decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) synthesis and increased bile acid synthesis and LDL-C clearance by LDL receptor, synergistically with estrogen ( 48 ).…”

Section: Lipid Metabolism Differentially Affect Inflammatory Bowel Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is reported that dietary supplementation with EPA and DHA decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) synthesis and increased bile acid synthesis and LDL-C clearance by LDL receptor, synergistically with estrogen ( 48 ). LTs are potent pre-inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation, allergy, asthma, and shock ( 47 ).…”

Section: Lipid Metabolism Differentially Affect Inflammatory Bowel Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PUFAs is a component of the plasma membrane, which affects the fluidity of the cell membrane and the transmission of cell signals, regulates a variety of enzymes related to lipid metabolism, and participates in the regulation of inflammation and immunity in the body ( 49 – 51 ). For example, activation of phosphatase A2 enables the release of AA from membrane phospholipids, enhances the phosphorylation of NK-IKBα by κB kinase, and promotes inflammation ( 17 , 47 ). COX-2 plays a key role in the regulation of inflammation by catalyzing the oxygenation of AA to PGs and hydroperoxides ( 51 , 52 ).…”

Section: Lipid Metabolism Differentially Affect Inflammatory Bowel Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probiotics Interact With Lipids Metabolism and Affect Gut Health

Wang

Xiong

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Probiotics have attracted much attention due to their ability to modulate host intestinal microbe, participate in nutrient metabolism or immunomodulatory. Both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and bowel cancer are digestive system disease, which have become a global public health problem due to their unclear etiology, difficult to cure, and repeated attacks. Disturbed gut microbiota and abnormal lipid metabolism would increase the risk of intestinal inflammation. However, the link between lipid metabolism, probiotics, and IBD is unclear. In this review, we found that different lipids and their derivatives have different effects on IBD and gut microbes. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and their derivatives resolvin E1, resolvin D can inhibit oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species activate NFκB and MAPk pathway. While ω-6 PUFAs linoleic acid and arachidonic acid can be derived into leukotrienes and prostaglandins, which will aggravate IBD. Cholesterol can be converted into bile acids to promote lipid absorption and affect microbial survival and colonization. At the same time, it is affected by microbial bile salt hydrolase to regulate blood lipids. Low denstiy lipoprotein (LDL) is easily converted into oxidized LDL, thereby promoting inflammation, while high denstiy lipoprotein (HDL) has the opposite effect. Probiotics compete with intestinal microorganisms for nutrients or ecological sites and thus affect the structure of intestinal microbiota. Moreover, microbial short chain fatty acids, bile salt hydrolase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, etc. can affect lipid metabolism and IBD. In conclusion, probiotics are directly or indirectly involved in lipids metabolism and their impact on IBD, which provides the possibility to explore the role of probiotics in improving gut health.

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“…Recent studies showed that arachidonic acid (AA) and its metabolites have a crucial role in the pathobiology of hypertension ( Zhou et al, 2021 ). AA is an essential fatty acid that is metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX), cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, and lipid oxygenase (LOX) pathways to regulate cardiovascular function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting the Regulation of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites by Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq). Miq. in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and the Predictive Target sEH in the Anti-Hypertensive Effect Based on Metabolomics and Molecular Docking

Gao

Kong

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Uncariarhynchophylla (Miq). Miq. (UR), as a traditional Chinese medicine, was employed in treating hypertension as a safe and effective therapy. The pharmacological properties of UR have characteristics of multiple biological targets and multiple functional pathways. Hypertension is related to impaired metabolic homeostasis and is especially associated with the abnormal regulation of arachidonic acid metabolites, the classical cardiovascular active compounds. This study aimed to examine the anti-hypertensive effect of UR extract (URE) and its regulating role in differential metabolic pathways. The results showed that daily administration of URE at a dose of 4 g crude drug/kg orally could exert hypotensive effects on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) for 8 weeks. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of the plasma samples suggested that the anti-hypertension effect of URE in SHRs was associated with the reorganization of the perturbed metabolic network, such as the pathways of glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. For the targeted metabolomics, twenty-eight arachidonic acid metabolites in SHRs were quantitatively analyzed for the first time based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method after URE administration. URE restored the functions of these cardiovascular active compounds and rebalanced the dynamics of arachidonic acid metabolic flux. Among them, the inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme activity and up-regulation of vasodilators epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) were identified as contributors to the anti-hypertension effect of URE on SHRs, and sEH represented an attractive and promising drug-binding target of URE. With the molecular docking approach, 13 potential anti-hypertension ingredients as well as sEH inhibitors were discovered, which were worthy of further investigation and verification in future studies.

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Effects of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites on Cardiovascular Health and Disease

Cited by 103 publications

References 191 publications

Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Vascular Complications of Diabetes: Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants and Food

Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Vascular Complications of Diabetes: Therapeutic Properties of Medicinal Plants and Food

Probiotics Interact With Lipids Metabolism and Affect Gut Health

Dissecting the Regulation of Arachidonic Acid Metabolites by Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq). Miq. in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and the Predictive Target sEH in the Anti-Hypertensive Effect Based on Metabolomics and Molecular Docking

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