Effects of aromatics, olefins and distillation temperatures (T50 &amp; T90) on particle mass and number emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles

Zhu, Rencheng; Hu, Jingnan; Bao, Xiaojun; He, Liqiang; Zu, Lei

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2016.11.022

Cited by 59 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The main reasons to justify such reduction in particle concentration and size is the presence of oxygen in DMC, higher oxygen/carbon (O/C) ratio [45], lower C/H ratio, absence of C-C bonds and absence of aromatic compounds [46] which hinder soot formation and growth rates and promote soot oxidation during the combustion process. The ability of DMC to suppress soot precursors such as C2 hydrocarbons (acetylene) is shown in Figure 6b and reported in other works [28,47] which also contribute to reduction in soot formation and particle growth rate.…”

Section: Particle Size Distributions and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion, gaseous emissions and PM characteristics of Di-Methyl Carbonate (DMC)-gasoline blend on gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine

Chan

Tsolakis

Herreros

et al. 2020

Fuel

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Section: Particle Size Distributions and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion, gaseous emissions and PM characteristics of Di-Methyl Carbonate (DMC)-gasoline blend on gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine

Chan

Tsolakis

Herreros

et al. 2020

Fuel

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“…The Reference fuel is the least volatile in the group, and the adverse effect of low volatility on mixture quality is well known. 10,[38][39][40][41] In modern small-capacity GDI engines featuring high-pressure direct fuel injection, wetting of cylinder liner and/or piston and/or intake valves is almost inevitable during fuel injection, but the deposited liquid film should -ideally at least -fully evaporate and mix before ignition. If the fuel is hard to evaporate, locally rich pockets are formed in the charge and near the wetted surface, increasing PN.…”

Section: Part 2: Effect Of Fuel Composition On Pm Characterisation Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large impact of the fuel aromatic contents on PN emissions is well known. 14,41 As listed in Table 3, the Reference fuel has the lowest amount of aromatics among the tested fuels (35.389%, 36.466% and 37.847% by mass for the Reference, Pump-Grade and Performance fuel, respectively). In other words, the Pump-Grade gasoline contains 3% and the Performance one contains 7% more aromatics compared to the Reference gasoline.…”

Section: Part 2: Effect Of Fuel Composition On Pm Characterisation and Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the impact of gasoline composition on PN in GDI engines using an improved measurement method

Bokor

Rohani

Humphries

et al. 2020

International Journal of Engine Research

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An experimental investigation was carried out to investigate Particulate Number (PN) emissions from a modern, small-capacity Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine. The first part of the study focused on improving measurement repeatability using the Cambustion DMS-500 device. Results showed that sampling near the exhaust valve – while dampening the pressure oscillations in the sampling line – can significantly improve the repeatability. It was also found that uncontrolled phenomena such as deposition in the exhaust system from earlier engine operation can undermine the accuracy of measurements taken at tailpipe level. The second part of the work investigated PN emissions from three types of gasoline fuel, Pump-grade, Performance and Reference. Fuel chemical composition was found to have an appreciable impact on PN, but the magnitude of this effect differs in various operating points, being more pronounced at higher engine load. The Reference fuel was found to have the lowest PN emission tendency, conceivably because of its lower aromatics, olefins and heavy hydrocarbons content. A sweep of operating parameters showed that higher injection pressure reduces PN, but the extent of the reduction depends on fuel physical properties such as volatility.

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“…The cold start engine condition is an important factor influencing PN emissions from GDI engines. At cold-start, the heat transfer the combustion chamber surface to the fuel-air mixture is considerably reduced and thus less fuel vaporisation and air-fuel mixing will occur, resulting in a heterogeneous charge and localized fuel-rich regions [97,98]. The cold-start particulate emission accounted for more than 50% of the total PN emission from gasoline direct-injection vehicles over a drive cycle [99].…”

Section: Cold Start and Ambient Temperature Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Particulate Number (PN) Emissions from Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines and Their Control Techniques

et al. 2018

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Particulate Matter (PM) emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, particularly Particle Number (PN) emissions, have been studied intensively in both academia and industry because of the adverse effects of ultrafine PM emissions on human health and other environmental concerns. GDI engines are known to emit a higher number of PN emissions (on an engine-out basis) than Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engines, due to the reduced mixture homogeneity in GDI engines. Euro 6 emission standards have been introduced in Europe (and similarly in China) to limit PN emissions from GDI engines. This article summarises the current state of research in GDI PN emissions (engine-out) including a discussion of PN formation, and the characteristics of PN emissions from GDI engines. The effect of key GDI engine operating parameters is analysed, including air-fuel ratio, ignition and injection timing, injection pressure, and EGR; in addition the effect of fuel composition on particulate emissions is explored, including the effect of oxygenate components such as ethanol.

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Effects of aromatics, olefins and distillation temperatures (T50 & T90) on particle mass and number emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles

Cited by 59 publications

References 38 publications

Combustion, gaseous emissions and PM characteristics of Di-Methyl Carbonate (DMC)-gasoline blend on gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine

Combustion, gaseous emissions and PM characteristics of Di-Methyl Carbonate (DMC)-gasoline blend on gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine

Investigating the impact of gasoline composition on PN in GDI engines using an improved measurement method

A Review of Particulate Number (PN) Emissions from Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines and Their Control Techniques

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