Effects of Aspergillus Oryzae Culture and 2-Hydroxy-4-(Methylthio)-Butanoic Acid on In vitro Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Populations between Different Roughage Sources

Abstract

An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Aspergillus oryzae culture (AOC) and 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMB) on rumen fermentation and microbial populations between different roughage sources. Two roughage sources (Chinese wild rye [CWR] vs corn silage [CS]) were assigned in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with HMB (0 or 15 mg) and AOC (0, 3, or 6 mg). Gas production (GP), microbial protein (MCP) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) were increased in response to addition of HMB and AOC (p<0.01) for the two roughages. The HMB and AOC showed inconsistent effects on ammonia-N with different substrates. For CWR, neither HMB nor AOC had significant effect on molar proportion of individual VFA. For CS, acetate was increased (p = 0.02) and butyrate was decreased (p<0.01) by adding HMB and AOC. Increase of propionate was only occurred with AOC (p<0.01). Populations of protozoa (p≤0.03) and fungi (p≤0.02) of CWR were differently influenced by HMB and AOC. Percentages of F. succinogenes, R. albus, and R. flavefaciens (p<0.01) increased when AOC was added to CWR. For CS, HMB decreased the protozoa population (p = 0.01) and increased the populations of F. succinogenes and R. albus (p≤0.03). Populations of fungi, F. succinogenes (p = 0.02) and R. flavefacien (p = 0.03) were increased by adding AOC. The HMB×AOC interactions were noted in MCP, fungi and R. flavefacien for CWR and GP, ammonia-N, MCP, total VFA, propionate, acetate/propionate (A/P) and R. albus for CS. It is inferred that addition of HMB and AOC could influence rumen fermentation of forages by increasing the number of rumen microbes.

Ruminal Fermentation and Blood Glucose at Low and High Level Intake of Growing and Mature Kacang Goat

“…The last feeding time prior to rumen liquid collected was more than 15 h and may give a lowest degradable fraction in the rumen contents. The difference of VFA concentration in this study was pointed to the carbohydrates contents which was highly fermented by microbes (Sun et al, 2014), the amount of microorganisms in the rumen and the amount of feed intake (Cole et al, 1988;Sano et al, 1999). DMI in this study (1.83 -2.74% BW) and crude fiber content (ranged at 23.67 -38.17 g) gave VFA concentrations ranged at 30.21 -62.33 mmoL) was relatively lower compared to the study of Ginting et al (2011) by fed the goat at 3 -4% BW and crude fiber content ranged at 38.7 -91.9 g gave VFA concentration ranged at 53-146 mmoL.…”

Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger Co-Cultivation Extract Affects In Vitro Degradation, Fermentation Characteristics, and Bacterial Composition in a Diet-Specific Manner

“…Lactation cows are different from dry cows, which might partly explain the divergent results. Furthermore, a recent study reported that the percentage and types of roughage used could influence this response [ 13 ]. Many reasons may contribute to this response, including different strains used in fermentation or unique chemical linkages in the roughage [ 10 , 44 ].…”

“…The AOAN product was supplied by Bioscreen Technologies SRL (Bologna, Italy). The additive amount of AOAN was referred to Sun et al [ 13 ]. The main ingredient of the commercial product was corncob power with A. oryzae and A. niger fermentation (94.5% dry matter, 26% crude protein, 4.2% crude fiber, 3.8% crude fat).…”

“…Several studies have investigated the efficacy of A. oryzae or A. niger on improving the nutritional quality of grape seed [ 10 ], palm kernel cake [ 11 ], ginkgo leaves [ 12 ], and common feeds [ 13 , 14 ] through fermentation. However, inconsistent results have been obtained from animal experiments when fed A. oryzae or A. niger extract alone [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

“…These results may be due to different diet types, which may provide limited substrate for enzymes secreted from A. oryzae or A. niger to degrade. The effects of A. oryzae on rumen fermentation and microbial populations have been proven to be determined by the roughage type [ 13 ]. In addition, the single enzyme secreted by only one fungus may also contribute to inefficient results from animal experiments.…”