Effects of avian cholera on survival of Lesser Snow Geese<i>Anser caerulescens:</i>an experimental approach

Samuel, Michael D.; Takekawa, John Y.; Baranyuk, Vasily V.; Orthmeyer, D.L.

doi:10.1080/00063659909477250

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The northern subpopulation of wintering Wrangel Island geese typically acquire red staining on their faces from feeding in the iron-oxide sediments of the Skagit-Fraser estuaries (Hohn 1955, Baranyuk and Syroechkovsky 1994, Baranyuk et al 1999. Neck collars allowed resighting of individual geese throughout migration and winter areas primarily in Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California (Samuel et al 1999b, Williams et al 2008 However, the subpopulation for birds with intermediate face stain coloration may be less discernible (Williams et al 2008); 67 and 125 of these birds were classified as being from the northern and southern subpopulation, respectively.…”

Section: Study Sites and Host Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of avian influenza in Lesser Snow Geese: implications for annual and migratory infection patterns

Samuel

Hall

Brown

et al. 2015

Ecological Applications

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Wild water birds are the natural reservoir for low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (AIV). However, our ability to investigate the epizootiology of AIV in these migratory populations is challenging and, despite intensive worldwide surveillance, remains poorly understood. We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective analysis in Pacific Flyway Lesser Snow Geese, Chen caerulescens, to investigate AIV serology and infection patterns. We collected nearly 3000 sera samples from Snow Geese at two breeding colonies in Russia and Canada during 1993-1996 and swab samples from >4000 birds at wintering and migration areas in the United States during 2006-2011. We found seroprevalence and annual seroconversion varied considerably among years. Seroconversion and infection rates also differed between Snow Goose breeding colonies and wintering areas, suggesting that AIV exposure in this gregarious waterfowl species is likely occurring during several phases (migration, wintering, and potentially breeding areas) of the annual cycle. We estimated AIV antibody persistence was longer (14 months) in female geese compared to males (6 months). This relatively long period of AIV antibody persistence suggests that subtype-specific serology may be an effective tool for detection of exposure to subtypes associated with highly pathogenic AIV. Our study provides further evidence of high seroprevalence in Arctic goose populations, and estimates of annual AIV seroconversion and antibody persistence for North American waterfowl. We suggest future AIV studies include serology to help elucidate the epizootiological dynamics of AIV in wild bird populations.

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Section: Study Sites and Host Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of avian influenza in Lesser Snow Geese: implications for annual and migratory infection patterns

Samuel

Hall

Brown

et al. 2015

Ecological Applications

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“…Formal experiments are less common. Notable exceptions are studies by Samuel et al (1999) and Slattery and Alisauskas (2002).…”

Section: Working With the Likelihoodmentioning

confidence: 93%

Disease dynamics in wild populations: modeling and estimation: a review

et al. 2010

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Models of infectious disease dynamics focus on describing the temporal and spatial variations in disease prevalence, and on understanding the factors that affect how many cases will occur in each time period and which individuals are likely to become infected. Classical methods for selecting and fitting models, mostly motivated by human diseases, are almost always based solely on raw counts of infected and uninfected individuals. We begin by reviewing the main classical approaches to parameter estimation, and some of their applications. We then review recently developed methods which enable representation of component processes such as infection and recovery, with observation models that acknowledge the complexities of the sampling and detection processes. We demonstrate the need to account for detectability in modeling disease dynamics, and explore a number of mark-recapture and occupancy study designs for estimating disease parameters while simultaneously accounting for variation in detectability. We highlight the utility of different modeling approaches and also consider the typically strong assumptions that may actually serve to limit their utility in general application to the study of disease dynamics (e.g., assignment of individuals to discrete disease states when underlying state space is more generally continuous; transitions assumed to be simple firstorder Markov; temporal separation of hazard and transition events).

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“…However, this approach typically requires that vaccination provide a high degree of protection against the specific disease agent. If vaccination provides only limited protection, impact of the disease on the population would be underestimated (Samuel et al, 1999). Alternatively, these biased mortality estimates can be corrected if vaccination provides a constant and known level of protection under field conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large number of mortalities caused by avian botulism have been highly visible to the general public and of considerable concern to waterfowl managers. However, the actual impact of avian botulism on waterfowl populations either locally, regionally, or on a continentwide basis has been difficult to assess (e.g., Samuel, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct estimates of disease mortality may be conservative, because scavengers dispose of many carcasses or carcasses may be difficult to find in wetland vegetation (Humburg et al, 1983;Stutzenbaker et al, 1986). The experimental use of vaccines provides one method for assessing the impact of disease losses, by comparing the mortality rates between vaccinated and unvaccinated birds (Samuel et al, 1999). However, this approach typically requires that vaccination provide a high degree of protection against the specific disease agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of a Type C Botulism Vaccine in Green-Winged Teal

Rocke

Samuel

Swift

et al. 2000

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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We tested the efficacy of a single dose of Botumink toxoid for protecting wild greenwinged teal (Anas crecca) during botulism epizootics caused by Clostridium botulinum type C. We challenged control and immunized ducks with four different doses of type C botulinum toxin to determine the LD 50 for this species and to evaluate vaccine protection. Fewer immunized ducks were affected with botulism than control ducks, indicating that a single dose of Botumink toxoid could increase the survival of ducks during epizootics. However, the frequency of immunized ducks with signs of botulism increased with the challenge dose of botulinum toxin. Even at doses of botulinum toxin approximately 2 to 4 green-winged teal LD 50 , about 50% of the immunized ducks were affected. We believe an improved vaccine or a better delivery system is required to justify immunization of wild birds for experimental survival studies.

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Effects of avian cholera on survival of Lesser Snow GeeseAnser caerulescens:an experimental approach

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

The dynamics of avian influenza in Lesser Snow Geese: implications for annual and migratory infection patterns

The dynamics of avian influenza in Lesser Snow Geese: implications for annual and migratory infection patterns

Disease dynamics in wild populations: modeling and estimation: a review

Efficacy of a Type C Botulism Vaccine in Green-Winged Teal

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