Effects of B-site Co2O3 doping on microstructure and electrical properties of Na0.25K0.25Bi2.5Nb2O9 ceramics

Photoluminescence, Structural, and Electrical Properties of Erbium‐Doped Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 Ferroelectric Ceramics

“…BLSFs compounds firstly reported by Aurivillius are widely known to possess a structure generally regarded as the regular intergrowth of the [Bi 2 O 2 ] 2+ layers and pseudoperovskite layers, which is usually depicted as (Bi 2 O 2 ) 2+ (A m−1 B m O 3 m+1 ) 2− , where A cations are in 12‐fold coordination, e.g., K + , Na + , Bi 3+ , Ba 2+ , Ca 2+ , trivalent rare earths (La 3+ , Er 3+ , etc.) or a combination of them, B cations are in sixfold coordination, like Ti 4+ , Ta 5+ , Nb 5+ , and W 6+ (or their mixture), and the integer m is the number (1~5) of perovskite‐like slabs . Various A and B cations are allowed, so that BLSFs exhibit a large solubility of rare‐earth ions …”

Mn doping effects on electric properties of 0.93(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3‐0.07Ba(Ti0.945Zr0.055)O3 ceramics

“…When dopants dissolve in perovskite‐type matrix lattice, they tend to occupy the relevant A or B sites according to their ionic radii and valence state, forming 2 substitutions in which additive ions act as “acceptors” or “donors”, respectively . Lower valence “acceptors” substitute the original metal ions to create oxygen vacancies and result in increasing mechanical quality factor Q m and coercive field E c , such property variations have been associated to the “hard” effect . On the contrary, higher valence “donors” replace the original metal ions to bring about cation vacancies with easy poling and superior piezoelectric properties like increasing piezoelectric coefficient d 33 , these phenomena have been categorized in the “soft” effect .…”

“…6 Lower valence "acceptors" substitute the original metal ions to create oxygen vacancies and result in increasing mechanical quality factor Q m and coercive field E c , such property variations have been associated to the "hard" effect. 7 On the contrary, higher valence "donors" replace the original metal ions to bring about cation vacancies with easy poling and superior piezoelectric properties like increasing piezoelectric coefficient d 33 , these phenomena have been categorized in the "soft" effect. 8 As a typical various valence element, Mn forms multivalent ions during sintering process to produce multiply influences on ceramics, including pinning ferroelectric domain, enhancing grain growth, etc.…”

Effect of Synthetic Technology on the Properties of Co₂O₃ Powder

“…Increased production of mobile phones, notebook computers, and other electronic products has resulted in the increased demand for lithium-ion batteries. This phenomenon had led to escalated demand for Co 2 O 3 raw materials [1][2][3]. Meanwhile, nanoparticles may improve the material properties and exhibit more excellent characteristics than bulk materials.…”