Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus pumilus on Rumen and Intestine Morphology and Microbiota in Weanling Jintang Black Goat

Abstract

The importance of Bacillus as feed additives in animals’ production is well recognized. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus pumilus are involved in promoting animal growth performance and immunological indicators. However, their precise roles in the modulation of microbiota and immune response in goat rumen and intestines have not been investigated. The aim of the current work was to evaluate the impacts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fsznc-06 and Bacillus pumilus fsznc-09 in the development of rumen and small intestinal and microbial communities in rumen and caecum of weanling Jintang black goats. Morphological alterations of rumen and small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) were evaluated by histochemical staining, and ruminal contents and cecal feces were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing in an Illumina NovaSeq platform. Morphological analysis showed that feeding weanling goats with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fsznc-06 or Bacillus pumilus fsznc-09 enhanced ruminal papilla and small intestinal villus growth. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that microbial richness and diversity (Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and ACE) and the relative richness of multiple or potential beneficial bacteria were higher in weaned black goats fed on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fsznc-06 or Bacillus pumilus fsznc-09, but that of multiple or potentially pathogenic bacteria were lower, as compared with the control group. Tax4Fun analysis predicting the functional profiling of microbial communities showed that microbial communities in rumen or caecum were highly influential on metabolism and organism systems after feeding weanling goats with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fsznc-06 or Bacillus pumilus fsznc-09. It was suggested that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fsznc-06 and Bacillus pumilus fsznc-09 might be an auspicious antibiotic alternative to improve black goat growth and health by changing rumen and gut microbiota positively.

Engineered Coatings via the Assembly of Amino‐Quinone Networks

“…We first examined the formation of AQNs using 5‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (HNQ) (Figure 1 b) and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI, M w ≈600 Da) (Figure 1 c) as a model quinone/polyamine pair on spherical (Figure 1 d–f), columnar (Figure S1), and planar (Figure 1 g,h) substrates. HNQ was chosen as a model quinone owing to its relatively simple structure and its promising inherent anti‐tumour and anti‐bacterial properties [34, 35] . HNQ is known to couple covalently with amines via Michael addition and Schiff base reactions, [36] which was likewise observed herein from the electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry and UV‐visible (UV‐vis) spectroscopy analyses of the HNQ‐PEI solutions (Figure S2).…”

“…For example, employing 5,8‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone or 1,5‐dihydroxyanthraquinone both led to successful AQN coatings on substrates (Figure S26). Considering the properties (e.g., colour, redox, and bioactivity) of quinones and polyamines, and their ubiquitous presence in nature, [49–51] AQN coatings have the potential to be used for various applications, including organic dye adsorption, oil‐in‐water separation, and in anti‐bacterial materials [34, 35] and organic redox flow batteries [52] . The high zeta potential endowed by the positively charged PEI enabled the use of the coated membrane for selective organic dye adsorption.…”

Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL106 Isolated from Tibetan Pigs on Probiotic Potential and Intestinal Microbes in Weaned Piglets

“…Some studies suggested that the weaning process reduced the diversity of intestinal microbes in healthy piglets by reducing the number of lactobacilli and increasing the proportions of Escherichia coli , Shigella , and Acetobacter in intestines that further resulted in an imbalance of intestinal flora, leading to diarrhea of piglets ( 46 , 47 ). It was found that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fsznc-06 and Bacillus pumilus fsznc-09 regulated microbial community by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria but decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria in rumen and cecum in weanling black goats ( 48 ). Bao et al reported that TL106 stabilized gut microbiota, disturbed by increased and decreased level of different bacterial colonies, e.g., O157:H7, Lachnospiraceae , Prevotellaceae , Muribaculaceae , Akkermansiaceae , and Lactobacillaceae in mice ( 49 ).…”

Impact of Probiotics on Dairy Production Efficiency

“…For instance, Fernández-Ciganda et al (2021) reported that supplementing two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus johnsonii TP1.6 and Lactobacillus reuteri TP1.3B, to young calves increased the abundance of beneficial taxa including Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia in the intestine. Similarly, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens fsznc-06 and Bacillus pumilus fsznc-09 enhanced the relative richness of potentially beneficial bacteria in the rumen and intestine of weanling goats ( Zhang et al, 2020 ). This beneficial shift was also correlated with enhanced ruminal papilla and small intestinal villus growth of the studied animals.…”