Effects of back extensor strength training versus balance training on postural control

Kollmitzer, Josef; Ebenbichler, Gerold; Sabo, Anton; Kerschan, Katharina; Bochdansky, Thomas

doi:10.1097/00005768-200010000-00017

Cited by 69 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…With regard to lower extremity EMG, strength training had greater effects on soleus and gastrocnemius medialis EMG mean amplitude voltage, 15 soleus RMS, 25 and gastrocnemius medialis, biceps femoris, and quadriceps integrated EMG 27 than did balance training. No group differences due to strength or balance training were shown for soleus or gastrocnemius medialis median frequency, 15,25 RMS of back extensors, 20 or soleus and tibialis anterior integrated EMG. 27 Nonathletes Versus Athletes.…”

Section: Neuromuscular Controlmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Although the control groups in most trials had no intervention, some authors compared balance training with strength training 13,[15][16][17]20,25,27 or plyometric training. 22 Treatment length varied between 4 and 12 weeks.…”

Section: Summary Of Balance Training Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both significant improvements 1,11,14,16,18,19,28 and no changes 10,12,14,19,24,26,28 were reported for postural sway on stable and unstable platforms and after jump landing. For 6 trials, effect sizes were calculated (Figure 1 16,17,20,22 for postural sway changes, with both greater improvements in the balance training group and no group differences. Several authors reported no group differences for lower extremity and back extensor muscle strength, [15][16][17]20,22 jumping performance, 22,27 and T-Test agility.…”

Section: Functional Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For 6 trials, effect sizes were calculated (Figure 1 16,17,20,22 for postural sway changes, with both greater improvements in the balance training group and no group differences. Several authors reported no group differences for lower extremity and back extensor muscle strength, [15][16][17]20,22 jumping performance, 22,27 and T-Test agility. 13 Greater strength and plyometric training effects were shown in 2 studies for leg press strength, 27 jumping performance, 13 and sprint performance.…”

Section: Functional Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to changes in postural sway, all studies with healthy nonathletes reported improvements when compared with results in untrained controls 1,11,16,18 or volunteers who had pursued strength training. 16,20 No global effect sizes were calculated for nonathletes because of missing data. Furthermore, balance training had no effects on lower extremity muscle strength in athletes 14,22,27 or recreationally active volunteers, 19,24 whereas knee muscle strength 11 in nonathletes improved significantly.…”

Section: Functional Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Balance Training for Neuromuscular Control and Performance Enhancement: A Systematic Review

Zech

Hübscher

Vogt

et al. 2010

Journal of Athletic Training

266

184

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Objective: As a result of inconsistencies in reported findings, controversy exists regarding the effectiveness of balance training for improving functional performance and neuromuscular control. Thus, its practical benefit in athletic training remains inconclusive. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of training interventions in enhancing neuromuscular control and functional performance.Data Sources: Two independent reviewers performed a literature search in Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Register and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), and SCOPUS.Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials and controlled trials without randomization with healthy and physically active participants aged up to 40 years old were considered for inclusion. Outcomes of interest were postural control, muscle strength, agility, jump performance, sprint performance, muscle reflex activity, rate of force development, reaction time, and electromyography.Data Extraction: Data of interest were methodologic assessment, training intervention, outcome, timing of the outcome assessment, and results. Standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated when data were sufficient.Data Synthesis: In total, 20 randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Balance training was effective in improving postural sway and functional balance when compared with untrained control participants. Larger effect sizes were shown for training programs of longer duration. Although controversial findings were reported for jumping performance, agility, and neuromuscular control, there are indications for the effectiveness of balance training in these outcomes. When compared with plyometric or strength training, conflicting results or no effects of balance training were reported for strength improvements and changes in sprint performance.Conclusions: We conclude that balance training can be effective for postural and neuromuscular control improvements. However, as a result of the low methodologic quality and training differences, further research is strongly recommended.Key Words: methodologic quality assessment, postural control, motor control Key Points N Clinically, balance training is an effective intervention to improve static postural sway and dynamic balance in both athletes and nonathletes.N For optimal improvement in sprint, jumping, and strength performance, strength or plyometric training appears to be more effective.N Because of methodologic limitations and variability in the training regimens studied to date, high-quality research is needed.

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Section: Neuromuscular Controlmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Summary Of Balance Training Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Balance Training for Neuromuscular Control and Performance Enhancement: A Systematic Review

Zech

Hübscher

Vogt

et al. 2010

Journal of Athletic Training

266

184

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Kinematic Feature-Based Evaluation Method for Elderly Balance Ability by Using Factor Analysis

Ming

Fan

2019

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Influence of pathologic and simulated visual dysfunctions on the postural system

et al. 2007

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Visual control has an influence on postural stability. Whilst vestibular, somatosensoric and cerebellar changes have already been frequency analytically parameterized with posturography, sufficient data regarding the visual system are still missing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pathologic and simulated visual dysfunctions on the postural system by calculating the frequency analytic representation of the visual system throughout the frequency range F1 (0.03-0.1 Hz) of Fourier analysis. The study was divided into two parts. In the first part, visually handicapped subjects and subjects with normal vision were investigated with posturography regarding postural stability (stability effect, Fourier spectrum of postural sway, etc.) with open and closed eyes. The visually impaired and the normal group differed significantly in the frequency range F1 (p = 0.002). Significant differences of the postural stability between both groups were found only in the test position with open eyes (NO). The healthy group showed a significant loss of stability, whereas the impaired group showed an increased stability due to sufficient somatosensoric processes. Visually handicapped persons can compensate the visual information deficit through improved peripheral-vestibular and somatosensoric perception and cerebellar processing. In the second part, subjects with normal vision were examined under simulated visual conditions, e.g., hyperopia (3.0 D), reduced visual acuity (VA = 20/200), yoke prisms (4 cm/m) and pursuits (pendulum). Changes in postural parameters due to simulations have been compared to a standard situation (open eyes [NO], fixation distance 3 m). Visual simulations showed influence on frequency range F1. Compared to the standard situation, significant differences have been found in reduced visual acuity, pursuits and yoke prisms. A loss of stability was measured for simulated hyperopia, pendulum and yoke prisms base down. Stability regulation can be understood as a multi-sensoric process by the visual, vestibular, somatosensoric and cerebellar system. Reduced influence of a single subsystem is compensated by the other subsystems. Obviously the main part of reduced visual input is compensated by the vestibular system. Moreover, the body sway, represented by the stability indicator, increased in this situation.

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Effects of back extensor strength training versus balance training on postural control

Abstract: To avoid reduction of postural stability in rehabilitation processes, we recommend to include antagonist muscles in a comprehensive strength training regime or balance skill training.

Cited by 69 publications

References 18 publications

Balance Training for Neuromuscular Control and Performance Enhancement: A Systematic Review

Balance Training for Neuromuscular Control and Performance Enhancement: A Systematic Review

Kinematic Feature-Based Evaluation Method for Elderly Balance Ability by Using Factor Analysis

Influence of pathologic and simulated visual dysfunctions on the postural system

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