Effects of bamboo charcoal powder including vinegar supplementation on performance, eggshell quality, alterations of intestinal villi and intestinal pathogenic bacteria populations of aged laying hens

Abstract

This study examined the supplementation level effects of bamboo charcoal powder including vinegar (BCV) on performance, eggshell quality, alterations of intestinal villi and intestinal pathogenic bacteria populations, in aged laying hens. A total of 200 laying hens (60 weeks of age) were randomly allotted into four treatment groups, with five replicates per treatment and 10 hens per replicate. Hens were fed a basal diet, supplemented with BCV at 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5% level, ad libitum for 12 weeks. Egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake and feed efficiency were not affected by the dietary treatment (p > .05). Damaged egg rate decreased in the hens fed the 1.0 and 1.5% BCV diets during the late feeding stage (69 to 72 weeks of age), and eggshell thickness increased in the 1.5% BCV group (p < .05). In the ileal content, population of Escherichia coli decreased with BCV in the diet, while colony counts of Salmonella spp. were comparatively low with 1.0 and 1.5% BCV (p < .01). Villus height and villus area of duodenum were higher in hens fed with 1.0 and 1.5% diets (p < .01), while villus size of jejunum was higher in hens fed with BCV diets (p < .05). The results of this study demonstrate that a level of 1.0% BCV in a layer's diet is sufficient for decreasing pathogenic bacteria and stimulating intestinal functions; and that dietary supplementation of BCV at 1.5% can improve eggshell thickness in aged laying hens.

Evaluation of pyroligneous acid as a therapeutic agent against Salmonella in a simulated gastrointestinal tract of poultry

“…Organic acids, which account for the low pH of the sample, are produced by the thermal pyrolysis of xylans [21]. The present PA sample consisted of 7.5% of organic acids (mainly acetic, propionic, and formic acid), as compared with those previously reported by Rattanawut et al (2.8%) [22], Hou et al (3.10%) [23], and Oramahi et al (between 3.6 and 4.3%) [24]. Phenolics, such as catechol (5.6%) and methylcatechol (1.2%), were also observed in higher concentrations as compared with previous studies by Xu et al (4.62%) [25] and Fagernäs et al (0.16%) [26].…”

Addition of Bamboo Charcoal to Selenium (Se)-Rich Feed Improves Growth and Antioxidant Capacity of Blunt Snout Bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)

“…This was likely because bamboo charcoal absorbs excess nutrients in feed and improves the absorption and metabolic capacity of the digestive tract by slowing down the release of nutrients. However, dietary bamboo charcoal supplementation significantly reduces the average daily feed intake [ 28 ]. Additionally, carbon supplementation has also been reported to inhibit growth when exposure concentrations are too high [ 29 ].…”

Impacts of dietary supplementation of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microflora of large-scale loach Paramisgurnus dabryanus

“…Although BVC has been shown to be an effective immunopotentiator and growth-promoter in domestic animals such as pigs, ducks, and chickens (Wang et al, 2012;Rattanawut et al, 2017Rattanawut et al, , 2018, its potency in the practice of aquaculture remains largely unknown. Data obtained in this study demonstrated that 90-d dietary BVC supplementation at the doses of 1% and 2% can significantly improve the survival and growth performance of the large-scale loach, indicating BVC could be a promising functional additive for the aquaculture of fish species.…”

“…In addition to applications in construction and furniture making, huge amount of bamboo are also used to produce secondary products such as bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar. Bamboo charcoal is a kind of biochar has many useful physical and chemical properties, such as large pores, large surface area, and rich surface functional groups (Rattanawut et al, 2017). Bamboo charcoal characterized by these porous structure and high mineral contents (i.e., calcium, iron, and sodium) are not only exploited in the production of various daily products such as toothpaste and face cream, but are also widely used as legal food additive (Watarai and Tana, 2005;Zhao et al, 2008;Jia et al, 2015;Rattanawut et al, 2017).…”

“…Bamboo charcoal is a kind of biochar has many useful physical and chemical properties, such as large pores, large surface area, and rich surface functional groups (Rattanawut et al, 2017). Bamboo charcoal characterized by these porous structure and high mineral contents (i.e., calcium, iron, and sodium) are not only exploited in the production of various daily products such as toothpaste and face cream, but are also widely used as legal food additive (Watarai and Tana, 2005;Zhao et al, 2008;Jia et al, 2015;Rattanawut et al, 2017). Bamboo vinegar, a byproduct of the bamboo charcoal, is a brown transparent liquid containing rich bioactive components such as organic acids, aldehydes, and ketones (Mu et al, 2004).…”