Effects of bet size and multi-line play on immersion and respiratory sinus arrhythmia during electronic gaming machine use

Murch, W. Spencer; Clark, Luke

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.014

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Results showed that the problem gambler group endorsed every item on both the Flow Trait Scale, and Jacobs' "Dissociation Questionnaire" (Jacobs, 1986;Jackson and Marsh, 1996). In an earlier analysis of data in the current study, we reported high internal consistency between items on the Dissociation Questionnaire (which includes feelings of being "in a trance, " and losing track of time; Jacobs, 1986), and the Flow subscale of the GEQ ("I felt completely absorbed, " "I forgot everything around me"; Poels and De Kort, 2007;IJsselsteijn et al, 2013;Murch and Clark, 2019), again suggesting considerable overlap between Flow Theory and Jacobs' absorption construct (but see .…”

Section: -Mihaly Csikszentmihalyisupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Psychophysiological methods may provide alternative markers for investigating the gambling flow phenomenon more covertly. Past examinations of EGM use have suggested a role for both the sympathetic (Anderson and Brown, 1984;Griffiths, 1993;Coventry and Constable, 1999;Coventry and Hudson, 2001) and parasympathetic nervous systems (Murch et al, 2017;Murch and Clark, 2019). However, little evidence exists for a link between gambling flow and physiological measures.…”

Section: -Mihaly Csikszentmihalyimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating Flow State and Cardiac Pre-ejection Period During Electronic Gaming Machine Use

et al. 2020

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Flow activities (e.g. sports and gaming) have been associated with positive affect and prolonged engagement. In the gambling field, modern electronic gaming machines (EGMs, including modern slot machines) have drawn concern as a potentially flowinducing activity that may be associated with gambling-related harms. Current research has heavily relied on self-reported flow, and further insights may be afforded by physiological methods. We present data from three separate experiments in which selfreported gambling flow and cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP; a measure of sympathetic nervous system arousal) were examined. Male undergraduate participants gambled on a genuine EGM in a laboratory setting for a period of at least 15 min, and completed the Flow subscale of the game experience questionnaire (GEQ). Aggregated data were analyzed using multilevel regression. Although EGM gambling was not associated with significant changes in PEP across participants, we found that self-reported flow states were associated with significant decreases in PEP during the first five minutes of EGM use. Thus, participants who experienced flow showed a greater sympathetic nervous system response to the onset of gambling. Though these effects were consistent in experiments 1 and 2, in experiment 3 the effect was inverted during the same time window. We conclude that flow during EGM gambling appears to be associated with early changes in sympathetic nervous system activity, but stress that more research is needed to characterize boundary conditions and moderating factors.

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Section: -Mihaly Csikszentmihalyisupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: -Mihaly Csikszentmihalyimentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Flow State and Cardiac Pre-ejection Period During Electronic Gaming Machine Use

et al. 2020

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“…Greater intensity and duration of gambling were found to be associated with smaller win related characteristics and low-denomination machines with multiple playable lines. The effect of multi-line play on attention was also found in a study by Murch and Clark [102]. Barton et al [94] conducted a systematic review of losses disguised as wins and near misses in EGMs.…”

Section: Electronic Gaming Machinesmentioning

confidence: 66%

A Literature Review and Gap Analysis of Emerging Technologies and New Trends in Gambling

Lawn

Oster

Riley

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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There have been significant changes in the gambling landscape particularly relating to gambling in the digital age. As the gambling landscape changes, regulation of gambling also needs to change. In 2018, the Office of Responsible Gambling in New South Wales, Australia, commissioned a gap analysis to inform their research objectives and priority focus areas. This included an identification of gaps in our understanding of emerging technologies and new trends in gambling. A gap analysis of the peer-reviewed literature published since 2015 was undertaken, identifying 116 articles. The main area of focus was Internet gambling, followed by articles exploring the relationship between video gaming and gambling, the expansion of the sports betting market, Electronic Gambling Machines characteristics and articles exploring new technologies and trends in advertising and inducements. Key gaps related to the need for more research in general, as well as research focusing on subpopulations such as those using different gambling formats, those with varying levels of problem gambling, and vulnerable populations. From a methods perspective, researchers saw the need for longitudinal studies, more qualitative research and improved outcome measures. The development and testing of a public health approach to addressing the harms associated with gambling in these areas is needed.

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“…Mean scores were calculated and reliability analyses were performed. We have previously employed this measure .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We looked for relationships between slot machine outcomes and immersion. Lastly, we examined whether immersion was related to gambling‐related cognitions, negative affect or symptoms of adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD ; see Supporting information, S3) that have correlated with immersion in past research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoned in or zoned out? Investigating immersion in slot machine gambling using mobile eye‐tracking

et al. 2020

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Background and Aims Immersion during slot machine gambling has been linked to disordered gambling. Current conceptualizations of immersion (namely dissociation, flow and the machine zone) make contrasting predictions as to whether gamblers are captivated by the game per se ('zoned in') or motivated by the escape that immersion provides ('zoned out'). We examined whether selected eye-movement metrics can distinguish between these predictions. Design and Setting Pre-registered, correlational analysis in a laboratory setting. Participants gambled on a genuine slot machine for 20 minutes while wearing eye-tracking glasses. Participants Fifty-three adult slot machine gamblers who were not high-risk problem gamblers. Measurements We examined self-reported immersion during the gambling session and eye movements at different areas of the slot machine screen (the reels, the credit window, etc.). We further explored these variables' relationships with saccade count and amplitude. Findings The ratio of dwell time on the game's credit window relative to the game's reels was positively associated with immersion (t (51) = 1.68, P = 0.049 one-tailed, R 2 = 0.05). Follow-up analyses described event-related changes in these patterns following different spin outcomes.Conclusions Immersion while gambling on a slot machine appears to be associated with active scanning of the game and a focus on the game's credit window. These results are more consistent with a 'zoned in' account of immersion aligned with flow theory than a 'zoned out' account based on escape.

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Effects of bet size and multi-line play on immersion and respiratory sinus arrhythmia during electronic gaming machine use

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Investigating Flow State and Cardiac Pre-ejection Period During Electronic Gaming Machine Use

Investigating Flow State and Cardiac Pre-ejection Period During Electronic Gaming Machine Use

A Literature Review and Gap Analysis of Emerging Technologies and New Trends in Gambling

Zoned in or zoned out? Investigating immersion in slot machine gambling using mobile eye‐tracking

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