Effects of beta-blockers on archery performance, body sway and aiming behaviour

Ergen, Emin; Hazir, Tahir; Çelebi, Mesut; İşler, Ayşe Kin; Aritan, Serdar; Yaylıoglu, Volkan Daghan; Güner, Rüştü; Açıkada, Caner; Cinemre, Alpan

doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001071

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For example, apart from stress, high heart rate may decrease precision in shooting. Nevertheless, research showed that scores were not affected by lowering heart rate through the administration of beta-adrenergic receptor blockers to inhibit the binding process of noradrenaline (Ergen et al, 2021). Moreover, we observed that heart rate changed in response to stress-related factors such as countdown time and shooting order, which supports the idea of heart rate as a stress biomarker associated with performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contactless Real-Time Heart Rate Predicts the Performance of Elite Athletes: Evidence From Tokyo 2020 Olympic Archery Competition

Zhong

2023

Psychol Sci

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It is widely recognized that psychological stress impairs performance for elite athletes, yet direct evidence is scarce when it comes to high-stakes competition because measuring real-time psychological stress without interference is often challenging. Contactless real-time heart rate—a technology-enabled biomarker of stress—was measured and broadcast on TV during the 2020 Tokyo Olympics archery competition for the first time in sports. Here we examined whether the real-time heart rate of 122 adult archers predicted their performance in this unique setting. We found that higher heart rate—which indicates an increase in psychological stress—is associated with lower scores, correlation coefficient r(2096) = −.076, p < .001, and the observation is robust after we controlled for fixed effects at the individual and match level. Our results provide the first direct evidence in support of the detrimental effect of psychological stress measured by a real-time biomarker in a high-stakes competitive setting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contactless Real-Time Heart Rate Predicts the Performance of Elite Athletes: Evidence From Tokyo 2020 Olympic Archery Competition

Zhong

2023

Psychol Sci

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“…For example, using beta‐blockers metoprolol and oxprenolol before competitions significantly improves shooting performance in skilled shooters, 5,6 which is also a critical reference for the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) to ban beta‐blockers in certain sports. However, the influence of beta‐blockers on performance is still limited and inconclusive in specific sports, such as archery 7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the influence of beta-blockers on performance is still limited and inconclusive in specific sports, such as archery. 7 Besides intravenous and oral administration of beta-blockers, ophthalmic drops containing beta-blockers are also prohibited. Indeed, beta-blocker ophthalmic drops induce the systemic adrenergic effect on cardiopulmonary functions through the nasolacrimal duct and the conjunctival vessels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary excretion patterns and potential risks of beta‐blocker ophthalmic drops in sports

Lin

Chiang

Chang

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Beta-blockers have been prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in certain sports, but insufficient research data make it difficult to distinguish between therapeutic uses or misuses. This study aimed at investigating the urinary excretion pattern following beta-blocker ophthalmic drops and the potential risk of constituting an adverse analytical finding (AAF) in sports. Prescribed timolol and carteolol ophthalmic drops were used in healthy participants and glaucoma patients. The urine samples were then collected to investigate the urinary excretion pattern following acute and chronic administration of the above beta-blocker ophthalmic drops. The liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry method was applied for measuring urinary beta-blockers. Our results demonstrated that the levels of both urinary timolol and carteolol exceeded the minimum reporting levels (MRL) following acute and chronic administration. The highest levels of urinary timolol and carteolol observed in the present study were 255.7 and 923.8 ng/ml, respectively. Regarding the acute administration of timolol ophthalmic drop, 26.19 (11/42) of urine samples were detected with timolol higher than the MRL in timed and random sampling. In contrast, the acute administration of carteolol ophthalmic drops made the carteolol levels higher than the MRL among most urine samples. On the other hand, 36.36% (4/11) of urine samples were detected with beta-blockers higher than the MRL during the chronic administration of timolol and carteolol ophthalmic drops. In the context of receiving ophthalmic beta-blocker medications, the present study has highlighted the potential risk of constituting an AAF in specific sports and suggests strengthening athletes' awareness of therapeutic use exemptions.

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“…Cannabis is used by athletes to reduce the anxiety level to attain better sleep quality and better muscular tonicity [8]. Also the beta-blockers are widely used by athletes to reduce the heart rate and anxiety among them [9]. Social phobia is recognized as fear of negative evaluation and loneliness in social situations that is especially seen in athletes and musicians [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of social phobia in athletes with doping history in comparison with general population

Alavirad¹,

Amiri²

2021

PJMHS

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Background: Regarding increasing and concerning worldwide trends of doping and lack of definite information about contributing factors in this era, this study was performed to determine the frequency of social phobia in athletes with doping history in comparison with general population. Methods and materials: In this case-control study 30 subjects were enrolled including two groups of professional athletes with doping history and general population. In each group 15 subjects were present. All subjects were interviewed according to DSM-IV criteria. The social phobia was assessed by social phobia inventory (SPIN). Results: Ten subjects (including 7 men and 3 women) in athletes group and 6 subjects (including 4 men and 2 women) in normal population group had social phobia showing no significant difference between groups (P=0.143). The gender had no effect on having social phobia in none of the groups (P=1.000). Conclusions: Totally, according to the obtained results in this study, it may be concluded that there is no significant difference between presence of social phobia in athletes with doping history and general population. Keywords: Athletes, Doping, Social phobia

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Effects of beta-blockers on archery performance, body sway and aiming behaviour

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Contactless Real-Time Heart Rate Predicts the Performance of Elite Athletes: Evidence From Tokyo 2020 Olympic Archery Competition

Contactless Real-Time Heart Rate Predicts the Performance of Elite Athletes: Evidence From Tokyo 2020 Olympic Archery Competition

Urinary excretion patterns and potential risks of beta‐blocker ophthalmic drops in sports

Comparison of social phobia in athletes with doping history in comparison with general population

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