Effects of blood lead level on biochemical and hematological parameters in children with neurological diseases of Western Maharashtra, India

Pratinidhi, Shilpa A.; Patil, Arun T.; Behera, Manas Kumar; Patil, Maya; Ghadage, Dnyaneshwari P.; Pratinidhi, Asha

doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2013-0062

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It can happen through oral contact when the children put the surface of toys product into their mouth, letting the lead contained within to be transferred into their biological system. Even if the product contains low dosage of lead, repeated action will put the health of the children to risk, which can pose danger to the reproductive organs, immune system, liver, kidneys and cardiovascular system (Bhagwat et al, 2008;Pratinidhi et al, 2014;Tong et al, 2000;Wani et al, 2015) as well as affects the development of the brain and nervous system when the harmful substance enters the blood stream (Shah et al 2010;Mielke et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Approach to Safety of Children’s Toys in United States and European Union: A Comparative Study

Ismail

Haniff

Isa

et al. 2020

AJIS

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Following the ‘Year of Recall’ in 2007 which saw greatest number of children’s toys product recalls from United States of America (US) and European Union (EU) markets, both regions instituted new legislations governing children’s products: the US Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA 2008) and EU 2009 Toy Safety Directive. This article analyses the approaches to safety of toys adopted in US and EU in light of the potential for cross-jurisdictional use of the framework. This qualitative research utilizes secondary data gained from scientific database analysis and library research, including documents and precedents on toys safety. These data were analyzed by using legal interpretation and comparative assessment. The study finds key features of each jurisdiction as well as notable similarities and differences in terms of regulations, safety standards used such as International Organization for Standardization (ISO 8124); The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM F963); and European Standards (EN 71). Further, two competing systems, each with its own reigning global governor namely, Third-Party Assessor (3PA) supported by the US and Supplier’s Declaration of Conformity System (SDOC) adopted by the EU, were assessed. When both systems were put into an evaluation, the extra third-party inspection for issuing certificate on the product based on 3PA enable to provide important protection to consumers over the SDOC system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Approach to Safety of Children’s Toys in United States and European Union: A Comparative Study

Ismail

Haniff

Isa

et al. 2020

AJIS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…contained within to be transferred into their biological system. Even if the product contains low dosage of lead, repeated action will put the health of the children to risk, which can pose danger to the cardiovascular & immune system, reproductive organs, liver and kidneys (Bhagwat, Patil, Patil, & Sontakke, 2008;Patil et al, 2007;Pratinidhi et al, 2014;Tong, Schirnding, & Prapamontol, 2000;Wani, Ara, & Usmani, 2015) as well as affects the development of the brain and nervous system when the harmful substance enters the blood stream (Mielke, Laidlaw, & Gonzales, 2010;Shah et al, 2010).…”

Section: Overview: Lead Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s Toy Safety Standards in Malaysia and ASEAN: Towards Single Regional Regulation of Lead-Based Paints and Children Toys

Haniff

Ismail

Isa

et al. 2020

International Journal of Asian Social Science

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Children"s toys have always been the primary step on the manufacturing ladder for several developing economies like Malaysia and other ASEAN member states (AMS). Apart from an ideal product to chase low cost labor, children"s toys were easy to produce with relative low-quality requirements. However, following the "Year of the Recall" in 2007 which saw the greatest number of recalled products of children"s toys from markets due to higher permissible amount of lead, Malaysia and several AMS no longer taken the safety of children"s toys product lightly. Despite Malaysia has amended its regulations which requires toys available on the Malaysian markets to be tested for the presence of maximum acceptable levels of lead from toy materials and toy parts, Malaysia and several AMS still has no laws on the regulation on the amount of lead in paint. Even worse, some of AMS still has no national legislations and regulations for safety standard of children"s toys product. This qualitative research utilizes the secondary data gained from scientific database analysis and library research including documents and precedents on children toy safety regulations and analyzed this data by legal interpretation. The finding shows that AMS requires proper national and regional legislations and regulations particularly for import, export, manufacturing, adoption and sale of children toys and paints to be ratified and implemented so as to avert the availability of lead-based paints and children toys with high lead content in the market.

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“…Regardless of whether the item contains the low measurement of lead, this repeated exposure will put the wellbeing of the children at risk. This will, in turn, pose a danger to the cardiovascular system, kidneys, liver, immune system reproductive organs, and as well as affects the development of the brain and nervous system (Bhagwat et al, 2010;Pratinidhi et al, 2014;Tong, von Schirnding & Prapamontol, 2000). Consequently, large toy companies have opted for a greener toy design by promoting a legacy of innovation rather than waste and degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The implementation of polycaprolactone (PCL) as an eco-friendly material in toy design development

Kamil¹,

Shaukat²

2023

J. Graph. Eng. Des.

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Due to a substantial impact of hazardous materials in toy design, numerous toy companies have opted for an eco-friendly toy by promoting a legacy of innovation rather than waste and degradation. Furthermore, one of the most significant polymers for being recognised as a safe toy material is Polycaprolactone (PCL). However, in Malaysia, the study of Malaysian parent’s level of awareness in buying eco-friendly toys, their behaviour in purchasing and managing toys at home, as well as the preferences of play type for their children, is not widely discussed. Thus, forty (40) Malaysian parents have participated in an online survey conducted by the research team. The result of the study found that most Malaysian parents has a low level of awareness in buying eco-friendly toys for their children, lack the skills needed in handling broken or unused toys, and have selected criteria to be considered when purchasing a toy. Furthermore, a set of semi working toy design was successfully developed using PCL as a proposal for potential future development and production. It is hoped that the outcome of this study will contribute to inspire future toy designers to account for Malaysian parent’s preferences when developing eco-friendly toys.

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Effects of blood lead level on biochemical and hematological parameters in children with neurological diseases of Western Maharashtra, India

Abstract: Neurologically challenged children are more vulnerable to lead intoxication. It is imperative for the parents to take extra care of their children's food habits and limit hand-to-mouth activities to prevent lead intoxication.

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

The Approach to Safety of Children’s Toys in United States and European Union: A Comparative Study

The Approach to Safety of Children’s Toys in United States and European Union: A Comparative Study

Children’s Toy Safety Standards in Malaysia and ASEAN: Towards Single Regional Regulation of Lead-Based Paints and Children Toys

The implementation of polycaprolactone (PCL) as an eco-friendly material in toy design development

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