Effects of blood sample mishandling on ELISA results for infectious bronchitis virus, avian encephalomyelitis virus and chicken anaemia virus

Kurian, Anita K.; Neumann, E.; Hall, W.F.; Marks, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.08.028

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…However, unclaimed bodies used for research and teaching purpose may only be received at universities weeks after death. Furthermore, the viral load is affected by hemodilution, duration of the disease, and adherence of antiretroviral treatment (Cavanaugh and King ; LeFor et al ; Gala et al ; Heim et al ; Greenwald et al ; Kurian et al ; Wilkemeyer et al ; Victer et al ; Prince and Hale ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus in cadavers: A review

2019

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Millions of people are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); however, limited research focuses on post-mortem HIV detection. Post-mortem HIV testing is vital because medical records are not always available, and the HIV status can be unknown. The aims of this study were to review the available literature and determine the most efficient HIV test for post-mortem samples, the optimal tissue or bodily fluid to be tested, and the duration that HIV remains reliably detectable. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. Terms were related to HIV (HIV detection, HIV testing, HIV prevalence) and deceased individuals (post-mortem, cadaver, deceased, organ donor). Inclusion criteria included English studies, or articles with at least an English abstract, while review articles were excluded. From this literature search, 43 studies were applicable. These studies most commonly used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot as screening and confirmation tests, respectively. As for the optimal tissue or bodily fluid, serum remained the golden standard, while testing skin seemed promising. HIV remains detectable in the body up to 58 days after death, although few studies tested samples after 48 h. Knowledge of the HIV status can be beneficial in the case of accidental exposure and can create a range of possible research opportunities on the effects of HIV in different organ systems. This review outlined several gaps in the current literature and future studies should investigate these gaps because this information can be relevant to numerous professions. Clin. Anat. 32:603-610, 2019.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human immunodeficiency virus in cadavers: A review

2019

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“…As a limitation of our study the DSS used in this study were transported at room temperature to the laboratory after freezing of the initial sample and the DSS. Freeze-thawing of samples might affect the results of the ELISA [29,30]. Although other studies report no significant change after several freeze-thaw cycles [31], it cannot be excluded that some samples were misclassified as false-positive or false-negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Serological evidence of avian HEV antibodies in apparently healthy chickens in southwest Nigeria

et al. 2021

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Avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV) is associated with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome, big liver and spleen disease and hepatic rupture haemorrhage syndrome. However, the knowledge about aHEV in commercial layer chickens in Nigeria is scarce. In this study, 460 serum samples obtained from 36 apparently healthy commercial layer chicken flocks in three states (Ogun, Osun and Oyo States) of southwestern Nigeria were analysed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of anti-aHEV immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies. In total, the overall seroprevalence of anti-aHEV antibodies was 14.6%. The serological analysis revealed that 75% of the flocks examined were positive for anti-aHEV IgY antibodies from chickens of various ages in all three states. The percentage of the seropositive chickens in the three states varied from flock to flock ranging from 60% to 88.8% and seropositive chickens were detected at any age (24–52 weeks of age) without significant differences between the age groups. This is the first report assessing the presence of aHEV antibodies in chickens from Nigeria. The detection of anti-aHEV antibodies in commercial layer chickens in this study emphasizes the importance of serosurveillance in disease monitoring due to the economic threat posed by aHEV as a result of decreased egg production and increased mortality in affected commercial layer chicken farms. However, further studies are essential to reveal the clinical implications and to assess the real burden of aHEV in Nigeria.

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“…While these results are promising for the development of an antibody-based diagnostic test for cases of feline TB, there are further factors that could be explored, such as sample quality that might affect test outcomes. For example, haemolysis and freeze-thawing of samples have been investigated for their effects on the ability to detect antibodies against bacterial and viral pathogens in different host species, with variable results (Pinsky et al, 2003, Neumann and Bonistalli, 2009, Boadella and Gortázar, 2011, Kurian et al, 2012, Kragstrup et al, 2013. The samples used in this study were not scored for the degree of haemolysis, nor for the number of freeze-thaw cycles they underwent, so this is something to be aware of in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%