Effects of boric acid and borax on titanium dioxide genotoxicity

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) is a potential carcinogenic/mutagenic agent although it is used in many areas including medical industries and cosmetics. Boron (as boric acid and borax) has also well-described biological effects and therapeutic benefits. In a previous study, sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and micronuclei (MN) rates were assessed in control and TiO(2)-treated (1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5 and 10 microm) human whole blood cultures. The results showed that the rates of SCE (at 2, 3, 5, 7.5 and 10 microm) and MN (at 5, 7.5 and 10 microm) formation in peripheral lymphocytes were increased significantly by TiO(2) compared with the controls. The present study also investigated the genetic effects of boric acid and borax (2.5, 5 and 10 microm) on cultures with and without TiO(2) addition. No significant increase in SCE and MN frequencies were observed at all concentrations of boron compounds. However, TiO(2)-induced SCE and MN could be reduced significantly by the presence of boric acid and borax. In conclusion, this study indicated for the first time that boric acid and borax led to an increased resistance of DNA to damage induced by TiO(2).

In vitro studies on chemoprotective effect of borax against aflatoxin B1-induced genetic damage in human lymphocytes

“…It was established that BX alone was non-genotoxic. In accordance to this finding, previous reports indicated that boron compounds had no mutagenic potential (Turkez et al , 2010a(Turkez et al , b, 2011(Turkez et al , 2012Turkez 2008;Geyikoglu and Turkez 2008;Turkez and Geyikoglu 2010). In the current study, red blood cells (RBCs) were present in the incubation medium.…”

“…Boric acid (BA) and Borax (BX) are able to strengthen the tissue antioxidant defenses (Hunt and Idso 1999;Pawa and Ali 2006). Boron compounds also show no potential for genotoxicity in cultured mammalian cells (Turkez et al , 2010aGeyikoglu and Turkez 2008;Turkez 2008).…”

Cytogenetic and oxidative alterations after exposure of cultured human whole blood cells to lithium metaborate dehydrate

“…New studies demonstrated that boron compounds strengthen the antioxidant defense mechanism (Pawa and Ali 2006;Geyikoglu and Turkez 2008;Celikezen et al 2014). In addition, it has been reported that boron compounds (such as borax, boric acid) are non-genotoxic agents on human blood cells (Turkez et al , 2010Geyikoglu and Turkez 2008;Turkez 2008). Furthermore, boron compounds have attracted much interest with respect to their protective effect against free radical damage that may be the cause of many diseases including cancer (Korkmaz et al 2007;Mahabir et al 2008).…”

The Risk Evaluation of Tungsten Oxide Nanoparticles in Cultured Rat Liver Cells for Its Safe Applications in Nanotechnology

“…With the increased applications of WO 3 NPs, the concerns about their potential human toxicity effects and their environmental impact have also increased. Cytotoxicity, inflammation and increased oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation are prominently discussed to be relevant factors regarding the safety of small particles down to the nano-range (Knaapen et al 2004;Unfried et al 2007;Lewinski et al 2008;Turkez 2008 and2011). It has been reported that different sizes and morphologies of NPs have the potential to influence the interaction with many kind of biomolecules, including proteins, enzymes and DNA (Grandjean-Laquerriere et al 2005;Ramesh et al 2007;Xu et al 2012).…”