Effects of building size growth on residential energy efficiency and conservation in California

Fournier, Eric Daniel; Federico, Felicia; Porse, Erik

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.02.072

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…First, the LA Energy Atlas is a comprehensive platform for integrating and mapping parcel-level energy consumption (aggregated to protect customer privacy), U.S. Census data, local property tax records and parcel data to understand highdetail metropolitan energy use trends (Pincetl et al, 2015). It has been used to investigate energy use across land use types, building vintages, and sociodemographic trends (Derenski et al, 2018;Fournier et al, 2019;Pincetl et al, 2015;Porse et al, 2016). Second, the LA Solar Map, developed by LA County, displays high-detail gross solar potential for properties in LA County based on un-obscured and correct angle roofs, which also considers the efficiency of solar panel output (LA County, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, socio-economic effects of installing distributed solar energy across cities should be assessed given current policies. In particular, understanding net potential generation capacity across socioeconomic classes is critical for evaluating the equity of regulatory policies that, to date, often favor higher-income communities (Fournier et al, 2019;Porse et al, 2016). Innovative management and financing schemes may help contribute to the task of equitable infrastructure deployment.…”

Section: Data Availability and Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Net solar generation potential from urban rooftops in Los Angeles

et al. 2020

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Rooftops provide accessible locations for solar energy installations. While rooftop solar arrays can offset inbuilding electricity needs, they may also stress electric grid operations. Here we present an analysis of net electricity generation potential from distributed rooftop solar in Los Angeles. We integrate spatial and temporal data for property-level electricity demands, rooftop solar generation potential, and grid capacity constraints to estimate the potential for solar to meet on-site demands and supply net exports to the electric grid. In the study area with 1.2 million parcels, rooftop solar could meet 7200 Gigawatt Hours (GWh) of on-site building demands (~29% of demand). Overall potential net generation is negative, meaning buildings use more electricity than they can produce. Yet, cumulative net export potential from solar to grid circuits is 16,400 GWh. Current policies that regulate solar array interconnection to the grid result in unutilized solar power output of 1700 MW. Lowerincome and at-risk communities in LA have greater potential for exporting net solar generation to the grid. This potential should be recognized through investments and policy innovations. The method demonstrates the need for considering time-dependent calculations of net solar potential and offers a template for distributed renewable energy planning in cities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Availability and Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net solar generation potential from urban rooftops in Los Angeles

et al. 2020

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“…Working in opposition to these trends however, have been other, troubling, developments. These include growth in the size of new residential structures and the penetration levels of the most energy intensive appliances (Isaac and van Vuuren, 2009;Zhou et al, 2014;Fournier et al, 2019). In addition to the changing dynamics within these traditional categories of residential energy end-use, a rapidly expanding market for electric vehicles is causing residential buildings to increasingly function as conduits for the supply of an entirely new sector of energy demand: transportation (Needell et al, 2016; Bunsen…”

Section: Residential Energy Systems In Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wealth is a prominent driver of demand for residential energy. Worldwide, wealthier groups lead more materially and energetically intensive lives than the less affluent, consuming in excess of what they require to meet their essential needs (Meyers et al, 2003;Creutzig et al, 2015;Fournier et al, 2019). In the state of California, this relationship between income and the demand for residential energy services has been previously studied -with higherincome groups being found to consume more electricity and gas than lower-income groups (California Energy Commission, 2018).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

On energy sufficiency and the need for new policies to combat growing inequities in the residential energy sector

2020

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The decreasing cost and increasing availability of new technologies capable of improving household energy efficiency, generating and storing renewable energy, and decarbonizing major end use appliances have begun to significantly transform many residential communities across the U.S. Despite these positive developments however, the degree to which disadvantaged communities (DACs) have been able to participate in and benefit from these transformations remains far from equal. Using historical time series data at the zipcode level within Los Angeles County, we document the scale and extent to which DACs continue to be left behind. These data show per-capita levels of electricity and natural gas consumption within DACs that are, on average, about half of those seen within their more affluent counterparts. We argue that the magnitude of these differences reflect a fundamental departure in the use of energy from purposes of sufficiency to those of excess. We introduce a set of forecasts that show the extent to which current inequities in per-capita energy consumption, rates of vehicle electrification, and adoption of rooftop solar PV are likely to persist under the status quo. In conclusion, we suggest that the redistributive investment of public funds for the purpose of accelerating DAC participation in energy system transformations constitutes a socially optimal investment strategy – one which reflects the dramatically higher marginal utility of units of energy consumed at levels of sufficiency rather than excess.

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“…In fact, the carbon footprint analysis of building energy system is of great importance for defining the distribution of carbon emissions in the life cycle of energy systems and guiding energy conservation and emission reduction. With the support of carbon accounting method and carbon emission quantitative indicators of building energy system, policy makers could make a scientific and reasonable evaluation of the impact of building energy system on the environment, and then select energy system with superior performance (Fournier et al, 2019). A carbon emission framework for building energy system is still under development, but should provide enough information to identify carbon sources of carbon emissions, thus providing scientific evidence for emission reduction schemes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon footprint in building distributed energy system: An optimization-based feasibility analysis for potential emission reduction

Yan

Qiu

Meng

et al. 2019

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Buildings account for more than one-third of the global primary energy consumption and are responsible for most of the global greenhouse gas emission. As one of the infrastructures of buildings, energy systems are crucial to control overall energy consumption and associated emissions. Despite much consideration on improving the efficiency of buildings energy system and the utilization of renewable energy, there has been little discussion on the carbon footprint quantification of building distributed energy systems as well as the reduction potentiality. In such a context, this paper proposed a life cycle economic and carbon emissions assessment framework by dividing the building distributed energy system into five stages. Subsequently, a multiobjective mathematical model is developed with minimal life cycle cost and carbon footprint, while respecting energy balance and technical constraints, and the optimal energy system and the carbon footprint distribution are obtained by solving the model. Finally, a case study is conducted on the building energy system design in a district in Xuzhou to test the effectiveness of this method. The correlation between optimal energy system carbon footprint by facility attributes, and the distribution of energy system carbon footprint by stage and source are investigated. It's found that the carbon emissions in the operation and maintenance stage accounts for the largest share in the entire life cycle. In addition, the proportion of carbon emissions from natural gas is the highest, accounting for 65-73% under environmental optimization and 85-88% under economic optimization. Followed by electricity, with a share of 26-34% and 10-14% under environmental and economic optimization, respectively. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to analyze the impact of energy carbon emission factors.

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Effects of building size growth on residential energy efficiency and conservation in California

Cited by 29 publications

References 35 publications

Net solar generation potential from urban rooftops in Los Angeles

Net solar generation potential from urban rooftops in Los Angeles

On energy sufficiency and the need for new policies to combat growing inequities in the residential energy sector

Carbon footprint in building distributed energy system: An optimization-based feasibility analysis for potential emission reduction

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