Effects of Calcination Temperature on Morphology, Microstructure, and Photocatalytic Performance of TiO₂ Mesocrystals

Abstract

We synthesized TiO2 mesocrystals using a hydrothermal method and investigated the effect of calcination temperature (100–800 °C) on their morphology, crystallinity, and photocatalytic activity. While no appreciable changes in the shape, dimension, and crystal structure of the TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were observed as the calcination temperature increased to 300 °C, the crystallinity improved with increasing temperature. The mesocrystal form of the NPs began to disappear at 400 °C, and the specific surface area significantly decreased with increasing temperature owing to the reduced boundaries between the subunits and surface roughness of the NPs. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 NPs improved when the temperature increased to 300 °C because of the enhanced crystallinity and elimination of byproducts; on the other hand, it degraded above 400 °C due to the decreased surface area. These results suggest that controlling the calcination temperature is an effective way to tailor the morphology, crystallinity, and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 NPs.

Photocatalytic Liquid-Phase Selective Hydrogenation of 3-Nitrostyrene to 3-vinylaniline of Various Treated-TiO2 Without Use of Reducing Gas

“…P25-TiO 2 has surface area of 40 m 2 /g. Calcination at a high temperature led to the reduction of surface area and increased rutile component [23]. However, changing calcination atmosphere from air to H 2 and N 2 did not change the BET surface area.…”

Mesocrystals for photocatalysis: a comprehensive review on synthesis engineering and functional modifications

“…Among the existing mesocrystal photocatalysts, the development of TiO 2 mesocrystals has been attracting increased attention; therefore, the appearance and morphology details of TiO 2 mesocrystals are abundantly available as compared to others, including ellipsoidals, spheres, polyhedra, nanosheets, and nanorods. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][46][47][48][49][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]61,65 In this subsection, we initially summarize the synthesis strategies of the different abovementioned species. Thereaer, versatile applications in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and organics degradation, as well as the corresponding structure-related photocatalytic mechanisms, are discussed by using typical examples.…”

“…Based on earlier literature, [44][45][46][47][48] it is found that spindle-shaped anatase TiO 2 mesocrystals can be facilely synthesized on a large scale through mesoscale assembly in titanium salt/acetic acid systems without any additives under solvothermal conditions. The acetic acid and solvothermal conditions are the key factors for the synthesis of spindle-shaped TiO 2 mesocrystals, whereas the type of titanium salt is adjustable, including tetrabutyl titanate, 44,45 butyl titanate, 46 titanium butoxide, 47 and titanium tetrachloride. 48 For example, Qi and coworkers have demonstrated the rst additive-free synthesis of porous anatase TiO 2 mesocrystals with a single-crystal-like SAED pattern by using tetrabutyl titanate as the titanium source and acetic acid as the solvent.…”

“…Hence, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue for TiO 2 improved when the temperature increased to 300 C owing to the enhanced crystallinity and elimination of byproducts; however, it became poor above 400 C because of the decreased surface area. 47 In addition, mesoporous anatase TiO 2 prepared by using butyl titanate as the Ti source and acetic acid as the solvent can be used toward inducing photocatalytic activity in the degradation of gaseous benzene. 46 Apart from the above solvothermal methods, the hardtemplate strategy has also been developed for the fabrication of porous TiO 2 mesocrystals.…”

A Review Paper on Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst: Types of Preparation, Modification Techniques, Factors Affecting the Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in the Wastewater Treatment

“…The calcinations influence the reusability and hydrogenation capability of catalyst [213]. Zhang et al investigated phenol degradation through the different calcined catalyst.…”