Effects of Calcium Ion Concentration on Cel Wall Synthesis

Eklund, Leif; Eliasson, Lennart

doi:10.1093/jxb/41.7.863

Cited by 80 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…Although lignin is dispersed throughout the layers of wood cell walls, it is the initial layer of Ca-pectate that is the most heavily lignified, protecting this layer from enzymatic degradation by plant pathogens. Ca has a strong influence on the structure, chemistry and physiology of wood formation [36,37]. Therefore, an adequate supply of root-available Ca is necessary and involves the activity of WDF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood Decay Fungi Restore Essential Calcium to Acidic Soils in Northern New England

Shortle

Smith

2015

Forests

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Abstract:The depletion of root-available calcium in northern forests soils exposed to decades of increased acid deposition adversely affects forest health and productivity. Laboratory studies indicated the potential of wood-decay fungi to restore lost calcium to the rooting zone of trees. This study reports changes in concentrations of Ca, Mg, and K during decay of sapwood of spruce, maple, hemlock, and birch at two locations in northern New England, USA. Concentrations of exchangeable Ca, Mg, and Al in decayed wood residues after 10 and 12 years of ground contact were also compared. Significant loss of mass indicated by decreasing wood density occurred after two to eight years in conifers and after only two years in hardwoods. A significant gain in wood K was observed at two years, but the gain was not sustained. A significant gain in Ca concentration occurred by six years and that gain was sustained for 12 years. Concentrations of Mg varied. No significant difference in exchangeable Ca concentration was observed between decayed wood residue of spruce and maple and the forest floor. However, decayed wood residue had a much lower molar Al/Ca ratio, a conditional characteristic of sites with high root-available Ca.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood Decay Fungi Restore Essential Calcium to Acidic Soils in Northern New England

Shortle

Smith

2015

Forests

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“…In salinized plants the decrease in moisture content (Fig. 3 a) and the large Na"^ concentration of the salinized plant cells (Table 1) may have contributed to the reduced size and loss of rigidity in the shoot since calcium ions are required for both cell wall and membrane integrity (Eklund & Eliasson, 1990). …”

Section: Gas Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Combination effect of NaCl salinity, nitrogen form and calcium concentration on the growth, ionic content and gaseous exchange properties of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gamtoos

Hawkins

Lewis

1993

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThe effects of NaCl salinity have been investigated with respect to the growth response, ionic content and gas exchange characteristics of wheat plants {Triticum aestivum L. cv, Gamtoos) raised on nitrate or ammonium nutrition at difTerent Ca^^ concentrations in the nutrient medium. Salinity up to 100 mM reduced the biomass production, moisture content and water use efficiency of both NO3" and NH^^-supplied wheat but the biomass production of NO3 -supplied wheat was reduced to a far greater degree than that of NH^'^-supplied wheat. There was no clear trend in the photosynthetic response of these plants to moderate salinity stress (50 mM NaCl), The stomatal conductances and transpiration rates of NH^^-supplied wheat were hetween 20 and 40 % lower than those of NOg^-supplied wheat, depending on the degree of salinity stress; at higher salinity (70-100 mM NaCl) the moisture content of NH^^-supplied plants was c. 10 °o higher than that of NO^'-supplied salinized plants. An increase in Ca^^ concentration from 0-5 to 5-0 mM resulted in an increase in biomass production, moisture content, shoot:root ratio, K+ content and a decrease in Na+ content of 50 mM NaCl-stressed, NO3 -supplied plants. Supplemental Ca'+ had no efTect on the biomass production, shoot: root ratio or moisture content of 50 mM NaClstress, NH^^-supplied plants relative to the controls.

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“…Furthermore, tea root growth is stimulated by the presence of Al (Konishi et al 1985). Eklund and Eliasson (1990) suggested that callose may itself be a factor in preventing the ''wall-loosening process'' and, consequently, cell wall extension. Recently, caffeine was found to completely prevent the deposition of callose in the cell plates of cultured tobacco cells (Yasuhara 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tea plant (Camellia sinensisL.) roots secrete oxalic acid and caffeine into medium containing aluminum

Morita

Yanagisawa

Maeda

et al. 2011

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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We examined the response of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) to aluminum (Al) exposure under sterile conditions, focusing specifically on the secretion of low molecular mass organic compounds from roots. After germination in agar medium, tea seedlings together with medium were placed on agar containing 0.4 mM Al with 0.2% hematoxyline (hematoxylin-Al medium). The purple color of the hematoxylin-Al medium was observed to fade gradually, until none of the color remained 6 days later. The tea seedlings were then treated with simple calcium solution (0.2 mM, at pH 4.2) containing AlCl 3 , which ranged in concentration from 0 to 0.8 mM, for 24 hrs. The amount of oxalate secreted into the medium increased as the external Al concentration increased, while the concentrations of malate and citrate in the medium remained unchanged. Oxalate secretion started within 30 min after Al exposure and increased linearly thereafter. The findings demonstrated that oxalate was a key compound in the Al-tolerance mechanism employed by the tea plant, which detoxifies Al 3þ externally in the rhizosphere. In addition to oxalate, caffeine was also secreted by tea roots in response to Al exposure. It is possible that caffeine excretion from the roots of tea plants may stimulate root growth through the inhibition of callose deposition in root tips.

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Effects of Calcium Ion Concentration on Cel Wall Synthesis

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Wood Decay Fungi Restore Essential Calcium to Acidic Soils in Northern New England

Wood Decay Fungi Restore Essential Calcium to Acidic Soils in Northern New England

Combination effect of NaCl salinity, nitrogen form and calcium concentration on the growth, ionic content and gaseous exchange properties of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gamtoos

Tea plant (Camellia sinensisL.) roots secrete oxalic acid and caffeine into medium containing aluminum

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