Effects of Canine-Obtained Lactic-Acid Bacteria on the Fecal Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers in Dogs Receiving Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Treatment

Abstract

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may cause enteropathy in dogs and probiotics may be one option to prevent this. The objective of this study was to determine whether the administration of canine-obtained lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has an effect on the frequency of diarrhea, the composition of the fecal microbiota, and/or markers of gastrointestinal inflammation in dogs receiving NSAIDs when compared to dogs given NSAIDs and a placebo. A total of 22 dogs treated with NSAIDs for various clinical indications were enrolled in a seven-day randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled interventional study. Dogs were randomized to receive either placebo or LAB, a product containing Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Fecal samples were collected on days one and seven. The fecal microbiota was evaluated using the fecal dysbiosis index (DI) and individual bacterial taxa. Fecal calprotectin (CP) and S100A12/Calgranulin C concentrations were used as markers of gastrointestinal inflammation. There was a difference in frequency of diarrhea between groups, with it affecting 4/12 dogs (33%) in the placebo group and 1/10 dogs (10%) in the LAB group, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.32). There was a correlation between S100A12 and CP (p < 0.001), and Clostridium perfringens correlated with S100A12 (p < 0.015). Neither treatment significantly affected S100A12 (p = 0.37), CP (p = 0.12), or fecal DI (p = 0.65). This study suggests that LAB is a safe supplement to use for short-term treatment in NSAID-treated dogs, but further studies are needed to determine its potential to prevent NSAID-induced enteropathy in dogs.

Effect of esomeprazole with and without a probiotic on fecal dysbiosis, intestinal inflammation, and fecal short‐chain fatty acid concentrations in healthy dogs

“…36 Another recent study that evaluated dogs receiving an NSAID with and without a probiotic found that probiotic administration did not have an effect on the fecal CMDI or fecal calprotectin concentrations. 31 Probiotic administration in dogs with chronic diarrhea can have beneficial effects, including upregulation of tight junction protein expression and normalization of dysbiosis, our results did not show a benefit of probiotic administration in dogs administrated PPI as measured by the fecal CMDI. 19,20 Calprotectin is a protein complex found primarily in neutrophils and is used as a marker of intestinal inflammation in people.…”

“…There was no difference in the fecal CMDI of dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy that received intra‐operative antibiotics with or without probiotic (Visbiome) 36 . Another recent study that evaluated dogs receiving an NSAID with and without a probiotic found that probiotic administration did not have an effect on the fecal CMDI or fecal calprotectin concentrations 31 . Probiotic administration in dogs with chronic diarrhea can have beneficial effects, including upregulation of tight junction protein expression and normalization of dysbiosis, our results did not show a benefit of probiotic administration in dogs administrated PPI as measured by the fecal CMDI 19,20 …”

“…Therefore, it was measured on samples from days 5 to 7 of phases I, II, IV, and V and days 12 to 14 of phases IIIa and IIIb. Results were recorded as either “normal” or “abnormal” during each phase with abnormal being defined as any value >961 ng/g, the upper limit of the current reference interval used at the Texas A&M Gastrointestinal Laboratory 31 …”

“…Results were recorded as either "normal" or "abnormal" during each phase with abnormal being defined as any value >961 ng/g, the upper limit of the current reference interval used at the Texas A&M Gastrointestinal Laboratory. 31…”

Probiotic characteristics and whole-genome sequence analysis of Pediococcus acidilactici isolated from the feces of adult beagles

“…Although our data suggested that probiotics improved health in mice, we next investigated whether probiotics affect the gut microbiota that may regulate host health. Canine-derived probiotics have been reported to have many beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal microbiomes and immune systems of a variety of species ( O’Mahony et al, 2009 ; Herstad et al, 2022 ). The richness, Chao1, Shannon, Simpson, PD whole tree, and ACE indices were used to assess species richness and diversity.…”