Effects of carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinsing on strength, muscular endurance and cognitive performance

Karayiğit, Raci; Ali, Ajmol; Rezaei, Sajjad; Ersöz, Gülfem; Lago-Rodríguez, Ángel; Domínguez, Raúl; Naderi, Alireza

doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00462-0

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…As for sprints, there were slight differences between groups ( Figure 4 ), but these were not significant either. Some investigations also did not observe a clear effect between CH and placebo in specific performance tests [ 26 , 37 ] or glucose [ 38 ], and some suggest that the use of a 5 s mouthwash with an isoenergetic amount of maltodextrin or glucose may not be beneficial for maximal sprint performance [ 39 ]. Methodological differences between the current study and these other studies, including the number of exercise tests, duration of resistance tests, mouth rinse dosage, resistance intensity, and training status of participants, may explain the disparity in performance and data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ingestion of Carbohydrate Solutions and Mouth Rinse on Mood and Perceptual Responses during Exercise in Triathletes

Martínez-Olcina

Miralles-Amorós

Asencio-Mas

et al. 2022

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Triathlons are endurance events that include swimming, running, and cycling. Triathletes need to eat optimally during training and competitions to maximize their potential for success. The presence of carbohydrates in the mouth could activate regions in the brain to enhance athletic performance in exercise. Methods: This study examined the effects of glucose and mouthwash in ten male triathletes (age: 26.0 ± 8.7 years, height: 173.6 ± 10.4 cm, BMI 22.0 ± 1.7 kg/m2). The four oral test solutions included (A) Rinse with placebo, (B) Water + gel with placebo, (C) Rinse with 15% CH concentration, and (D) Water + gel with 15% CH concentration (25 g gel in 165 mL water). The Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE), Sensation Scale (FS), Felt Arousal Scale (FAS), Profile of Mood States (POMS), blood glucose, sprints, and dietary habits were assessed in each subject. All preceded ingestion of the oral-based test solution during workouts. Results: RPE showed no significant differences for subjective perceptions. The same was observed for FS and sprints. FAS scores increased over time (p = 0.039) in all groups. POMS score increased significantly in group D (p = 0.041). There was no effect of time on plasma glucose levels (p = 0.737). As for correlations, positive correlations were observed between sprint and FAS variables (p = 0.011). Conclusions: It appears that CH intake correlates positively with mood, but in all other variables, there are no differences depending on the product.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ingestion of Carbohydrate Solutions and Mouth Rinse on Mood and Perceptual Responses during Exercise in Triathletes

Martínez-Olcina

Miralles-Amorós

Asencio-Mas

et al. 2022

Gels

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“…In this regard, divergent results in resistance exercise responses to CMR are likely to be associated with intensity of the muscular endurance tests. All [19,20,25,26] but one [27] of the studies that examined the influence of CMR at 40% of 1 RM did not detect any benefit from CMR. Similarly, studies using an intensity of 60% [21,28] and 70% [17,18] of 1 RM did not report any benefit of CMR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Bench press 1 RM was determined in the first familiarization trial using standard procedures [20,25,29]. Briefly, participants conducted a progressive warm-up with a self-…”

Section: One Repetition Maximum Bench Press Strength (1 Rm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Increases High but Not Low Intensity Repetitions to Failure in Resistance-Trained Males

et al. 2022

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Carbohydrate mouth rinsing (CMR) has been shown to enhance exercise performance. However, the influence of CMR on repetitions to failure with different intensities (40% or 80% of 1 RM) is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 6% CMR solution on muscular endurance assessed at 40% and 80% of 1 RM in resistance-trained males. Sixteen resistance-trained males (age: 25 ± 3 years, height: 182 ± 6 cm, body mass: 86 ± 3 kg, body fat: 16 ± 3%, bench press 1 RM: 106 ± 16 kg, resistance training experience: 5 ± 1 years) completed four conditions in random order. The four conditions consisted of ten seconds of mouth rinsing with 25 mL solutions containing either maltodextrin or placebo (sweetened water) prior to performing a bench press muscular endurance test at either 40% of 1 RM or 80% of 1 RM. Total repetitions, heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), glucose (GLU) and felt arousal (FA) were recorded for each condition. There was a significant condition by intensity interaction (p = 0.02). CMR significantly increased total repetitions compared with placebo at the higher intensity (80% of 1 RM; p = 0.04), while there was no effect at the lower intensity (p = 0.20). In addition, HR, RPE, GLU and FA did not differ between conditions or across intensities (p > 0.05). In conclusion, CMR-enhanced muscular endurance performed at higher but not lower intensities.

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“…Perhaps, the CHO mouth rinse duration has been one of the first methodological aspects highlighted as a confounding factor in the literature. However, only a few studies 26 , 46 , 78 , 79 have attempted to verify the influence of longer mouth rinses with CHO solution on exercise performance.…”

Section: Mouth Rinse Durationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Narrative Review of Current Concerns and Future Perspectives of the Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Effects on Exercise Performance

et al. 2022

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Previous systematic reviews have confirmed that carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse may boost physical exercise performance, despite some methodological aspects likely affecting its ergogenic effect. In this review, we discussed if the exercise mode, pre-exercise fasting status, CHO solutions concentration, CHO solutions temperature, mouth rinse duration, and CHO placebo effects may potentially reduce the CHO mouth rinse ergogenic effect, suggesting possible solutions to manage these potential confounders. The effectiveness of CHO mouth rinse as a performance booster is apparently related to the origin of the exercise-induced neuromuscular fatigue, as CHO mouth rinse unequivocally potentiates endurance rather than sprint and strength exercises performance. Furthermore, ergogenic effects have been greater in fasting than fed state, somehow explaining the varied magnitude of the CHO mouth rinse effects in exercise performance. In this regard, the CHO solution concentration and temperature, as well as the mouth rinse duration, may have increased the variability observed in CHO mouth rinse effects in fasting and fed state. Finally, placebo effects have challenged the potential of the CHO mouth rinse as an ergogenic aid. Therefore, we suggest that future studies should consider methodological controls such as sample size and sample homogeneity, proper familiarization with experimental procedures, and the use of alternative placebo designs to provide unbiased evidence regarding the potential of the CHO mouth rinse as an ergogenic aid.

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Effects of carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinsing on strength, muscular endurance and cognitive performance

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Ingestion of Carbohydrate Solutions and Mouth Rinse on Mood and Perceptual Responses during Exercise in Triathletes

Ingestion of Carbohydrate Solutions and Mouth Rinse on Mood and Perceptual Responses during Exercise in Triathletes

Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Increases High but Not Low Intensity Repetitions to Failure in Resistance-Trained Males

A Narrative Review of Current Concerns and Future Perspectives of the Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Effects on Exercise Performance

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