Effects of carbonized and dried chicken manures on the growth, yield, and N content of soybean

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen derived from dried or carbonized chicken manure on growth, nodulation, yield and N content of soybean. 15 N labeled chicken manure used in this study was obtained from the droppings of chicken fed on hulled rice grown under field conditions and fertilized with 15 N-labeled stable isotope ammonium sulphate and potassium nitrate fertilizers. Carbonized chicken manure was made by heat treatment in a muffle furnace in our laboratory. This study was conducted in pots filled with clay loam soil. Results from the study show that the application of carbonized chicken manure increased soybean seed yield by 23% and 43% for the 50 and 100 kg N ha −1 rates respectively. Dried chicken manure application increased soybean seed yield by 7% and 30% for the 50 and 100 kg N ha −1 rates respectively. There was no difference in the N manure yield of both manures when applied at the same rate. The percentage 15 N recovery was 17.6% and 8.9% for carbonized chicken manure, 19.2% and 10.5% for dried chicken manure at 50 and 100 kg N ha −1 rates respectively at peak flowering stage of soybean growth. We found high total nitrogen yields of soybean at the rate of 100 kg N ha −1 for both manures. There was a positive relationship between number of nodules and seed yield of soybean. Total N content also showed positive relationship with number of nodules and seed yield of soybean. We supposed that the higher P content of carbonized chicken manure is responsible for the higher seed yield and nodule growth compared to dried chicken manure.

Biochar application rate affects biological nitrogen fixation in red clover conditional on potassium availability

“…Increased BNF in the presence of biochar has been reported before by a number of studies (Nishio, 1996;Quilliam et al, 2013;Rondon et al, 2007). In one study in which the common bean was grown, an increase in BNF was observed until 60 g biochar kg -1 soil (approximate equivalent to 78 t ha -1 , assuming bulk density 1.3 g cm -3 ) (Rondon et al 2007), while Tagoe et al (2008) found an increased BNF in soybean even at 100 t ha -1 . This variation in results between studies may be the result of differences in biochar properties and soil nutrient status, or can be due to differential responses of plant species to biochar application.…”

“…• Increased nodulation, which has been observed in white clover (Trifolium repens) (Rillig et al, 2010), soybean (Glycine max) (Ogawa and Okimori, 2010;Tagoe et al, 2008) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (George et al, 2012). …”

“…• Increased P bioavailability (Brewer et al, 2012;Nelson et al, 2011) which has been correlated with increased BNF in several legumes: soybean (Tagoe et al, 2008), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (Rondon et al, 2007) and alfalfa (Nishio and Okano, 1991).…”

“…Furthermore, different effects have been reported with different application rates. For example, increasing biochar application rates has been found to increase BNF (Ogawa and Okimori, 2010;Rondon et al, 2007;Tagoe et al, 2008). However, reduced nodulation has also been reported with elevated application rates, even though nitrogenase activity remained unchanged (Quilliam et al, 2013).…”

Rice Yield Response to Biochar Application Under Different Water Managements Practices

“…Numbers of research have been reported that crop yield was increased with application of biochar for soybean (Tagoe et al, 2008), maize and upland rice (Asai et al, 2009). Possibility of yield response of biochar application on the conventional flooded rice cropping system was reported (Haefele et al, 2008).…”