Effects of caudate nuclei or frontal cortical ablations in cats. I. Neurology and gross behavior

Villablanca, Jaime R.; Olmstead, Charles E.; Levine, Michael S.; Marcus, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/0014-4886(76)90213-2

Cited by 153 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Prior to this time, all animals exhibited normal motor development [68][69][70]. The body weights of hydrocephalic kittens were comparable to those of control animals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Cytological and Cytoarchitectural Changes in the Feline Cerebral Cortex during Experimental Infantile Hydrocephalus

et al. 1990

Pediatr Neurosurg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While many reports have documented the effects of hydrocephalus on the ependyma and periventricular white matter, primarily in adult animal models, little is known about alterations specific to neurons. The present study has evaluated qualitatively the effects of hydrocephalus on the neurons and vasculature of the cerebral cortex in a neonatal animal model. The cisterna magna of 4 to 11-day-old kittens was injected with a solution of 25% kaolin to induce hydrocephalus. Ultrasonographic evidence of hydrocephalus was noted within 3–5 days of injection. Hydrocephalus progressed until day 18–25 postinjection when the animals were sacrificed. The cytologic and cytoarchitectural changes within the cortical mantle of affected animals were compared with control age-matched counterparts who had undergone intracisternal saline injections. Areas 4 (primary motor), 22 (association) and 17 (primary visual sensory) were examined light microscopically. Neurons from hydrocephalic brains exhibited 3 types of pathological response. Pyknotic somata were shrunken, disoriented and so hyperchromatic that neither nuclei or nucleoli could be delineated. Reactive somata were also shrunken and hyperchromatic, but nuclei and nucleoli could still be observed. Many neurons contained an abundance of vacuoles, giving their somata a flocculent appearance; these cells were termed ‘spongy’ neurons. Both normal and pathological neurons were smaller and disoriented, with a considerable decrease in neurons noted in areas 22 and 17 from severely hydrocephalic animals. The deeper cortical layers were more affected than the more superficial laminae in that more reactive and pyknotic neurons were present in layers V and VI. As the ventriculomegaly became more severe, changes could be observed in neurons within layers II and III. Furthermore, the cerebral vasculature exhibited a decrease in the number of vessels and a preponderance of profiles oriented parallel to the menin-geal surface. The severity of these effects followed a rostral to caudal gradient, such that the occipital cortex demonstrated the most damage. These results suggest that both the motor deficits and the subtle cognitive deficiencies seen with hydrocephalus may be attributed to perturbation of neuronal and vascular elements in the cerebral cortex.

show abstract

“…Prior to this time, all animals exhibited normal motor development [68][69][70]. The body weights of hydrocephalic kittens were comparable to those of control animals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Cytological and Cytoarchitectural Changes in the Feline Cerebral Cortex during Experimental Infantile Hydrocephalus

et al. 1990

Pediatr Neurosurg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies measuring activity changes in prefrontal cats revealed a contradictory pattern (Markowitsch, Pritzel, Kessler, Guldin, & Freeman, 1980;Skinner & Lindsley, 1973;Smith, 1942;Villablanca, Marcus, & Olmstead, 1976;Warren, 1964;Warren, Coutant, & Cornwell, 1969;Warren, Kolb, & Nonneman, cited in Kolb, 1974;Warren, Warren, & Akert, 1962, 1972. Warren (1964;Warren et aI., 1972) interpreted the increased activity levels observed in cats with prefrontal lesions as a deficiency in the cat's reactability to novel stimuli, an interpretation that is also con- sistent with the observation of beneficial effects of a stimulus-poor environment on activity and learning tests in pre frontally lesioned monkeys (Bauer & Fuster, 1978;Isaac & DeVito, 1958;Malmo, 1942).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity changes following sulcal, but not medial, ablation of the prefrontal cortex of the guinea pig

et al. 1980

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The function of the basal ganglia, in particular the neostriatum, is considered to have a role in the initiation and control of movement [18, 19, 20]. The injury of this system can lead to motor deficits and intellectual/emotional impairment sometimes seen as the result of immature hydrocephalus [21, 22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Subacute Hydrocephalus in a Rat Neonatal Model: Correlation with Functional Injury of Neurotransmitter Systems

Ishizaki¹,

Tashiro²,

Inomoto³

et al. 2000

Pediatr Neurosurg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Object: The evolution and severity of hydrocephalus in animal models varies in the species and mode of induction. This makes comparisons of the physiological system under investigation difficult between models. We noted that injection of kaolin into neonatal rats results in a dichotomous outcome into either an acute or subacute form. We investigated the clinical and functional transmitter system changes to compare these two types of hydrocephalus evolution. Methods: Hydrocephalus was induced in Wistar neonatal rats (within a week after their birth) by intracisternal injection of 0.02 ml volume of 25% kaolin solution under microscopic guidance. The same volume of sterile saline was injected into 12 neonatal rats as control group. The animals were assigned to either the acute or subacute group according to their head size, and sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after injection. Biparietal diameter, ventricular size, cholinergic interneurons in the neostriatum and dopaminergic projection neurons in the substantia nigra were analyzed at each stage. Results: Animals affected with the acute type of hydrocephalus had obvious head enlargement, rapid ventricular enlargement, and all died at about 4 weeks. Animals with subacute type had slowly progressive ventricular enlargement, and all survived until 8 weeks. There appeared to be more kaolin ventral to the brainstem in the acute type. The number of cholinergic neostriatal neurons was significantly reduced at 2 and 4 weeks in the acute type, but only at 8 weeks in the subacute type. The number of dopaminergic nigral neurons was decreased at 4 weeks in the acute type, but unaffected in the subacute type. Conclusions: The severity of onset of hydrocephalus in this animal model also correlates with the clinical outcome and changes in functional transmitter systems.

show abstract

Effects of caudate nuclei or frontal cortical ablations in cats. I. Neurology and gross behavior

Cited by 153 publications

References 50 publications

Cytological and Cytoarchitectural Changes in the Feline Cerebral Cortex during Experimental Infantile Hydrocephalus

Cytological and Cytoarchitectural Changes in the Feline Cerebral Cortex during Experimental Infantile Hydrocephalus

Activity changes following sulcal, but not medial, ablation of the prefrontal cortex of the guinea pig

Acute and Subacute Hydrocephalus in a Rat Neonatal Model: Correlation with Functional Injury of Neurotransmitter Systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About